Sunday, December 29, 2019

Alexander III of Macedonia - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 990 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/04/16 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Alexander The Great Essay Did you like this example? Alexander III of Macedon, popularly known as alexander the great, was born in July 356 B.C. in Pella, Macedonia. He was the son of King Philip II of Macedon and Queen Olympias of Epirus. It is believed that he had less of a close relationship with his father, compared to his mothers close relationship with him, because of Philips military campaigns. Alexander III teachers included Leonidas (arithmetic, horsemanship, and archery), Lysimachus, and Aristotle (rhetoric and literature). Although there is not a lot of information about Lysimachus, readings suggest that he was a great influence on young Alexander III. Alexanders favorite tutor was the Acarnian Lysimachus, who devised a game whereby Alexander impersonated the hero Achilles. This delighted Olympias, for her family claimed the hero as an ancestor. In Alexanders youthful mind, Achilles became the epitome of the aristocratic warrior, and Alexander modeled himself after this hero of Homers Iliad. (Gale, 2018) From a young age, he had a divine descent ideology that he carried later in life. Olympias gave to this idea by claiming that Alexanders real father was the god Zeus. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Alexander III of Macedonia" essay for you Create order At age 18 Alexander led part of the Macedonian troops in the battle of Chaeronea along his father Philip II. The king and his young son Alexander overran the city of Elateia on the Boeatian border; the route to Athens and Thebes was now open. Philip marched his troops southward to confront the enemy on a small plain outside the town of Chaeronea (Wasson, 2009). The successful battle helped Philip II gain control of the Greek city-states, except for Persia. Earlier in his life, Alexanders relationship with his father was strained because of his fathers absence due to military campaigns. This relationship strained farther more after Philip II married a woman named Cleopatra/Eurydice which threaten Alexanders inheritance to the throne. Even though Philip was polygamist in order to do treaties by marriage, Olympias did not accept the marriage, and she went into voluntary exile along with Alexander. After his father was assassinated by one of his bodyguards, Alexander the Great took over the throne and dealt with every possible opposition. He quickly dealt with his enemies at home and reasserted Macedonian power within Greece. He then set out to conquer the massive Persian Empire (BBC,2014). It is said that he needed the financial supplies in order to sustain his army, so he sought war in Thebes against King Darius III, king of Persia. Initially, Alexander III wanted to negotiate peace treaty, but Persians refused. As a result, the city was crushed to the ground, soldiers were killed, and women and children were sold to slavery. This served as a message to other cities as a price to pay in case of a rebellion. Soon after, in October 335 B.C. he prepared for his army campaign to Asia. He took west Asia Minor, Sardis, Miletus, Halicarnassus, Cilicia, Taurus, and Syria. It was in Gordius that he was told he was destined to greater things for he had cut the Gordian knot, which prophesized that he was going to be the future king of Asia. Alexander III battled king Darius III in Issus. He defeated King Darius army and captured his family. Even though King Darius promised a peace treaty and part of territories, Alexander III refused and proclaimed himself the king of Asia. Now, it was time for him to secure Egypt, Arbela, Babylonia, and Persia. The royal palace of Susa and its treasuries fell to Alexander in the summer of 331, and he set out for Persepolis, the capital of the Persian Empire. To prevent a royal uprising and to exact punishment for the Persian destruction of Athens in 480, Alexander burned Persepolis, a rash but symbolic act. (Gale,2018) In July 330, king Darius III was assassinate d by his own satraps, making Alexander the III king of Persia. He accustomed to the culture there. After that, He took over Iran and India where he married a woman named Rhoxana to bind his Eastern empire more closely to him in a political alliance. (gale,2018) Growing up he had a hard relationship with his father because of all the things his father did in order to grow his empire. Alexander the Great was doing the same things his father did. He was absent doing military campaigns, and he would marry multiple women in order to make alliances and grow his empire. Greatly concerned with the rule of his empire and the need for soldiers, officers, and administrators Alexander, although married to Rhoxana, married Stateira, a daughter of Darius, to legitimize his sovereignty. (Gale, 2018) At the end of his ruling however, Macedonian followers were against his adoption of Eastern cultures such as the Persian ideals. when he decided to dismiss his aged and wounded Macedonian soldiers, the angry soldiers condemned his Persian troops and his Persian man ners. Alexander arrested 13 of their leaders and executed them. Such a divide continued until Alexander the Greats dead in 323 at age 32. Alexander III of Macedonia was a great strategist and his empire was an inspiration to future leaders such as Napoleon Bonaparte, Caesar, and Augustus. His legacy is seen today through the blend of Greek culture in the world through art, architecture, and literature. Different readings suggest that even though he was taking over the world and sometimes being ruthless towards opposition, he was always open to the different cultures and traditions of each city. In every country Alexander had respected the local customs, religions, and peoples. In Jerusalem he had retained the priestly rule of the Temple, and in Egypt he sacrificed to the local gods. At Memphis the Egyptian priesthood recognized him as pharaoh, offered him the royal sacrifices, and invested him as king on the throne of Ptah. They hailed Alexander as a god (gale,2018) Nevertheless, he also endorsed Greek values. This type of r? ©gime worked because people would keep their traditions and religious beliefs making him see n as a liberator rather than an oppressive ruler.

Saturday, December 21, 2019

The Evolution Of Racism And Discrimination Essay - 1381 Words

Antione Crawford Soc101 Mid-Term Essay The Evolution of Racism and Discrimination We live in a society where categorization is introduced to us at an early age: when we go grocery shopping, we find fruits labeled at different prices based of their varying origins; when you are introduced to new people, you’ll run into that person who kicks off the conversation by asking what astrological symbol you are. A random question? Not really, as soon as you respond with a â€Å"Gemini† or Capricorn† then you are automatically pigeon-holed into that class of person. â€Å"Oh so you’re outgoing, passionate, and an intelligent person? We’d have great compatibility!† For all they know, you’re a polar opposite of that immediate categorization you’ve just been given based off a symbol, or word, or color. While categories don’t physically harm an individual, it has a detrimental impact on the progression of society as a whole. Categories such as race, class, and gender seemed to be placed into rankings, where becomes more dominant than the other. This opens the door for discrimination and inequalities to be utilized by those in a position of privilege. One could blame our ever-evolving social media and entertainment outlets like Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat for this process which all subjugate users to some implemented form of ranking/popularity system. But to understand the situation in order to change it, we first need tools that help us interpret how racism and discrimination are plantedShow MoreRelatedThe Evolution Of Racism And Discrimination Essay1182 Words   |  5 Pages The Evolution of Racism and Discrimination We live in a society where categorization is introduced to us at an early age: when we go grocery shopping, we find fruits labeled at different prices based of their varying origins; when you are introduced to new people, you’ll run into that person who kicks off the conversation by asking what astrological symbol you are. A random question? Not really, as soon as you respond with a â€Å"Gemini† or Capricorn† then you are automatically pigeon-holed into thatRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism989 Words   |  4 PagesRacism in America Racism discrimination has been one of our society’s most horrible social problems. In the words of the famous Martin Luther King judging an individual by the color of their skin rather than the content of their character can be a very dehumanizing experience that can have lasting effects on an individual life. Racism in America has not come to a cease. Racism promotes negative personal relations between people of different cultures. I believe slavery started around the 1500sRead MoreThe Enlightenment, Scientific Revolution And The Industrial Revolution889 Words   |  4 PagesThe Impacts of Evolution Through the Enlightenment, Scientific Revolution and the Industrial Revolution philosophers and scientists were able to define and study many ideas and ideologies. These time periods of social and scientific reform allowed for the definition of evolution to be defined as, â€Å"the process of continuous branching and diversification from the common trunks.† Evolution though did not begin then, it began at the start of this universe. We as humans would not be here if it werentRead MoreRace, Racism, Or Ethnicity1559 Words   |  7 PagesAssociated with ethnicity or racism, it created a lifelong debate about whether or not races are socially constructed. The aim of this essay will be firstly to establish clear definitions of words such as race, racism, or ethnicity, and secondly to explain the evolution of racism, from scientific racism to colour blind racism through the work of ideologists such as Gobineau and Eduardo Bonilla-Silva. In order to provide a clear understanding of racism and its evolution throughout the centuriesRead MoreEssay on Racism1251 Words   |  6 PagesRacism Racism has often played a central role in conflicts between groups of people. Racism is the intentional or unintentional use of power to isolate, separate and exploit others as defined in the Webster dictionary. 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The differencesRead MoreRacism And Racism Essay971 Words   |  4 PagesIs it racism or economics which hinders many African American communities from progressing economically in the 21st Century? This research proposal will address this question by examining the social and psychological impact caused by racism and the economic impact it’s had on the African American community. This proposal will further investigate whether the emotional scars of slavery continue to hamper African American progress or if racism is actually the cause. The economic cost of discriminationRead MoreAfrican American Vernacular1239 Words   |  5 Pages September 28, 2013 According to the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, the definition of vernacular is â€Å"of, relating to, or being a nonstandard language or dialect of a place, region, or country.† In terms of African American history, the evolution of vernacular is very important and a very unique part of the culture. The African American vernacular has aided the development of a distinct culture in terms of what African Americans were subjected to from the installation of slavery. The AfricanRead MoreRacial Discrimination Still Exists in Society Essay1219 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"I believe discrimination still exists in society and we must fight it in every form,† as stated by Andrew Cuomo the current governor of New York. All throughout history, discrimination has been an underlying issue and is one that must be stopped and fixed. Throughout time African-Americans have been the most notable victims of discrimination. Dating back to the early seventeenth century, blacks have been discriminated and enslaved for absolutely no reason. There have been many attempts to end theRead MoreThe Epiphany Of Race And Race1445 Words   |  6 PagesThe Epiphany of Race We live in a world full of different species, and many discoveries have been made regarding our ancestors and how we have gradually developed into the humans we are today. Evolution is important because it explains that two very different species could share a common ancestor and that they have evolved as time has progressed. Nonetheless, race is defined as the classification of a person’s physical characteristics and has been an ongoing issue since Western European exploration

Friday, December 13, 2019

Explain dietary requirements Free Essays

The strengths and weaknesses of the record must be highlighted in PA and discussed about in Produce a plan in your own format and it must ensure the following; Use assignment brief for guidance to complete all deprecate a plan in your own format and It must ensure the following; use be highlighted In PA and discussed about In Mackerel 7 days The nutritional plan e highlighted In PA and discussed about In Produce a plan In your own format introduce a plan In your own format and It must ensure the following; use be highlighted in PA and discussed about in MIT must ensure the following: Use must ensure the following; Use assignment brief for guidance to complete all the criteria 7 days The nutritional plan must match your diet record, PA. The strengths and weaknesses of the record must be highlighted in PA and discussed about in Produce a plan in your own format and it must ensure the following; use assignment rife for guidance to complete all the criteria 7 days The nutritional plan mu st match your diet record, PA. The strengths and weaknesses of the record must be highlighted in PA and discussed about in Produce a plan in your own format and it must ensure the following; use assignment brief for guidance to complete all the highlighted in PA and discussed about in Produce a plan In your own format and it and weaknesses of the record must be highlighted In PA and discussed about In MM explain dietary requirements By shellfishes ;! _;Produce a plan in your own format and it must ensure the following; Use hippodrome a plan in your own format and it must ensure the following; Use be highlighted in PA and discussed about in Mesenteric 7 days The nutritional plan be highlighted in PA and discussed about in Produce a plan in your own format introduce a plan in your own format and it must ensure the following; Use be highlighted in PA and discussed about in MIT must ensure the following; Use Produce a plan in your own format and it must ensure the following; Use assignment and weaknesses of the record must be highlighted in PA and discussed about in MM . We will write a custom essay sample on Explain dietary requirements or any similar topic only for you Order Now How to cite Explain dietary requirements, Papers

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Art Museum Visit Essay Example For Students

Art Museum Visit Essay I went to the San Diego Museum of Art. They had all kinds of art from different time periods from different parts of the world. They had a special exhibition on Indian art and a gallery of photos about the history of America. At first I went to Asian art section, which had some stuff from Japan and a sculptures related to Buddhism. There was this collection of swords that I found kind of interesting. A piece (painting? ) by Yoshitoshi Mori caught my eye, it was called Warrior on a Horse. I liked it because the horse looked very cartoony. I think it was because the eyes were rather large. I went into another room with European art. The portraits I saw really put mine to shame, but there were plenty of ridiculously pale women and children back then. There was a panel called Mystic Marriage of St. Catherine with Saints and Angels by a workshop called the Master of Frankfurt. I thought the angels wings looked neat, it nice to see something different than the traditional white wings. I also saw this painting by Francisco de Zurbaran called Lamb of God. It was a depiction of a lamb tied up with a halo around its head. I really liked the concept of that. I also liked Daniel Seghers Garland of Flowers with the Holy Family. It looks like memorial for the Holy Family, or a grave marker. I just think it looks pretty. I didnt really find the Photo Gallery on America that interesting. It was called Changing America. Im very critical on photographs, it doesnt take that much skill to press a button, and the picture is a perfect representation of what you are trying to depict. So I better be totally blown away by the subject of the photograph. Some photos seem to do their job; they did capture the essence of the time. But others I looked at just made me say, what Another room featured only landscapes and cityscapes. I prefer landscapes/cityscapes to be without people. I dont know why, I just like it like that. I also prefer photos I take when I go on vacation to be without people, drives my mom nuts. But anyways, in the room of 15 works, only one was without people, and it wasnt really that great a scene. I went into the gallery of American paintings, and saw this really nice landscape of a volcano. It was called Sandwich Islands, done by Jules Taverner. Plus, it didnt have any people in it. It was very pretty, I liked it a lot. There were also a lot of still lifes, I thought it was funny to see dead animals in them. Although the place was huge, nothing really caught my eye. There was also a special gallery on Indian art (from India). I browsed by it pretty quickly, I didnt see anything new. I grew up in Malaysia, which is pretty rich in Indian culture, so nothing really surprised or amazed me. Overall the museum was ok, it wasnt the greatest art museum Ive been to, it wasnt the worse either. Looking at the older painting I got this surreal feeling. I couldnt believe that this picture was done at the time the tile said it was done. That this exact canvas was worked on hundreds of years ago. And if I followed this piece back in time to a certain point, some guy would be painting on it. I dont know why, it was just hard to grasp. I also noticed that the more modern the artwork, the more it gets further away from naturalism. The more recent works are not as real looking as the older ones. I really like naturalism better; I think it takes more skill to realistically depict something. When I look at a painting I want to feel like the artist is better than me, or seem more intelligent than me. It easier to look at a beautifully done landscape and feel that, than look at 3 squares. I know that the artist probably does have a thought process he/she goes through before painting merely 3 squares on the canvas, but it still doesnt impress me much.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Aztec Indians 2 Essay Research Paper Introduction free essay sample

Aztec Indians 2 Essay, Research Paper Introduction to the People of the Sun The Sun is a seeable, astronomical fact # 8211 ; # 8220 ; the one changeless fact of being, the beginning of all life on earth. # 8221 ; It journeys overhead from E to west by twenty-four hours, dips into darkness, and by dark travels underground west to east to lift triumphantly once more at morning # 8211 ; the start of a new twenty-four hours ( Waters 203 ) . The Sun has been the focal point of energy and worship in many civilizations throughout the universe. The Aztecs were one civilization that used the visible radiation of the Sun to prevail over the Central Valley of Mexico. The Aztecs were so # 8220 ; the people of the Sun # 8221 ; . The Aztecs rotated their lives and structured their society around the spirit of the Sun. In regard of the Aztec beginning, this paper will focus on it # 8217 ; s readings around the beams of the Sun. The Sun seems to be the root from which the Aztec civilization grew and produced. We will write a custom essay sample on Aztec Indians 2 Essay Research Paper Introduction or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Warfare and human forfeit provided the map of refilling that root. The first subdivision of this paper will exemplify three myths centered around the Sun. The proceeding subdivision will demo how these myths helped construction the Aztec society. I. Myths Of The Aztecs In order to understand the Aztec civilisation as a whole, it is necessary to look at the function myths played in developing and keeping the Aztec manner of life. Myths are a mixture of historical fact and fiction which can be used to explicate the construction of societal and political organisation, and the significance of warfare and human forfeit among the Aztecs. Myths will supply a gateway into the complexnesss of the Aztec manner of life. Smith raises an of import point in that the Aztecs had a figure of different, even contradictory, myths depicting the creative activity of the universe, the Gods, and it # 8217 ; s people ( 205 ) . There are so legion myths that can be interpreted as being the ground why the Aztecs lived the life that they did. The fact of the affair is that no 1 myth or combination of beliefs can genuinely explicate the complexnesss of a society that existed centuries ago. The manner of life of the Aztecs was culturally constructed and anyone exterior of that civilization can merely unravel readings. This paper will focus on readings around myths of the Sun. The Four Sun At the beginning of creative activity there was an original # 8220 ; two-deity # 8221 ; high God, Ometeotl, who existed in both male signifier and female signifier. This twosome produced four boies: Tezcatlipoca, Xipe Totec, Quetzalcoatl, and Huitzilopochtli. With the births of these four Gods, a rhythm of creative activity and devastation began that continues to the present twenty-four hours. In the undermentioned Michael Smith illustrates this rhythm of the four boies: There have been four old ages or # 8220 ; suns # 8221 ; , each controlled by a different God and peopled by a typical race. Each Sun was destroyed by a different catastrophe. The God Tezcatlipoca presided over the first Sun, when a race of giants roamed the Earth. This Sun was destroyed by panthers who ate the giants and destroyed the Earth. During the 2nd Sun, presided over by Quetzalcoatl, worlds who lived on acorns populated the Earth. This Sun was destroyed by hurricanes, and the people were transformed into monkeys. Peoples of the 3rd Sun, under the god Tlaloc, ate aquatic seeds. The universe was destroyed by a fiery rain and worlds were turned into Canis familiariss, Meleagris gallopavos, and butterflies. The 4th Sun, presided over by Clalchiuhtlicue, was a clip of gathers who ate wild seeds. They were turned into fish in a great inundation. ( Smith 205 ) This rhythm of creative activity and devastation brings us to the present reigning 5th Sun. It # 8217 ; s regulating divinity is Tonatiuh and its people are maize-eaters. Harmonizing to Aztec myth, this universe excessively will be destroyed, by temblors, and its people will be devoured by sky monsters. The devastation of a universe age or Sun can merely come at the terminal of a 52- twelvemonth rhythm known as the calendar unit of ammunition, but the figure of rhythms that will go through before the apocalypse is unknown. This belief that the Aztec leader, the Sun, would be defeated must hold placed a feeling of fright and pessimism deep in the psyche of the Aztec people. # 8220 ; This profound melancholy contrasts aggressively with the energetic construct of being a chosen people # 8221 ; ( Caso 95 ) . The Aztecs were a powerful civilization who conquered provinces from the seashore of one ocean to the other, and reigned over this imperium for 100s of old ages. How could such reigning warriors believe that one twenty-four hours their ultimate power, the Sun, would be defeated? In the 2nd subdivision of this paper, one will gestate a people who centered their lives around their great god the Sun. Human forfeit and warfare will demo their loyalness to the Sun and the power it created in the endurance of the Aztec civilization. Even though the Acts of the Apostless of the Aztecs may hold appeared loyal and brave, one must retrieve the myth of the four Sun and the rhythm that would do their Sun to one twenty-four hours be conquered. Pessimism and fright must hold laid in the psyche of the Aztec people. Possibly this fright can assist explicate the Aztecs # 8217 ; great devotedness and dependance on their Gods, which will be described subsequently through sacrificial steps. The Creation Of The Complete Sun How the Gods had their beginning and where they began is non good known. But this is obviously, [ that ] there at Teotihuacan # 8230 ; when yet there was darkness, there all the Gods gathered themselves together, and they debated who would bear the load, who would transport on his dorsum # 8211 ; would go # 8211 ; the Sun. And when the Sun came to originate, so all [ the Gods ] died that the Sun might come unto being # 8230 ; And therefore the ancient 1s thought it to be. ( Friar Bernardino do Sahagun ) Harmonizing to the Aztec myth of creative activity the 5th Sun was created through forfeit. Michael Smith tells about The Birth of the Sun at Teotihuacan, which begins with the Gods assemblage in the darkness at Teotihuacan to convey forth the Sun. The two Gods that were chosen to go the Sun were: Tecciztecatl # 8211 ; a rich, powerful and disdainful Godhead ; and Nanahuatzin # 8211 ; a weak, hapless, scab-covered God. A immense fire was built for forfeit. Tecciztecatl showed fright in his effort to throw himself into the fire, so he became the Moon, while Nanahuatzin manifested as the Sun. But the Sun did non travel in the sky and when asked why he replied, # 8220 ; Why? Because I # 8217 ; m inquiring for their blood, their colour, their cherished substance # 8221 ; ( Bierhorst 148 ) . With this response, the Gods realized they must give themselves in order to do the Sun move across the sky. # 8220 ; Quetzalcoatl performed the title, cutting open the thoraxs of the Gods and ta king their hears to offer up to Tonatiuh. And so the Sun assumed its right way across the sky # 8221 ; ( Smith 208 ) . As illustrated in this myth, the suns creative activity and motion began with the forfeit of assorted Gods. Malinowski states that # 8220 ; the myth of creative activity acted as a charter which legitimized the pattern of human sacrifice. # 8221 ; The Aztecs believed that merely as the Gods sacrificed themselves for the Sun, the people must besides supply blood and Black Marias in order to maintain the Sun polishing. The Battle of the Sun Against the Powers of Darkness # 8220 ; Huitzilopochtli was the Sun, the immature warrior, born each forenoon from the uterus of the old goddess of the Earth and deceasing once more each eventide to light with his deceasing light the universe of the dead # 8221 ; ( Caso 13 ) . It was believed that at the beginning of each twenty-four hours Huitzilopochtli, the embodiment of the Sun, had to open combat with his brothers, the stars, and his sister, the Moon. This conflict of twenty-four hours is clearly illustrated in The Aztecs by Alphonso Caso: Armed with the snake of fire, Huitzilopochtli frightens off the stars and Moon with his # 8220 ; pointers of light # 8221 ; . When he achieves his triumph, he is carried up to the centre of the sky by the liquors of warriors who have died in combat or sacrificial rock. When afternoon begins, he is picked up by the liquors of adult females who have died in childbearing, for they are equal to warriors because they besides died taking a adult male captive # 8211 ; the new born kid. During the afternoon the psyche of the female parents lead the Sun to its scene, where the stars die and where the Sun, like the bird of Jove in his autumn to decease, is gathered near once more to the Earth. Each twenty-four hours this Godhead combat is begun afresh, but in order for the Sun to prevail he must be strong and vigorous. For that ground adult male must give nutriment to the Sun. The Aztecs were the people of Huitzilopochtli and hence the chosen people of the Sun. It was their responsibility to provide him with nutrient, or # 8220 ; the charming substance that is found in the blood of adult male # 8221 ; ( Caso 13 ) . With this rule in head, war can be viewed as a signifier of worship and a necessary activity in the Aztec # 8217 ; s continuance of life. II. The Implications Myths had on Aztec Society In this subdivision it will go evident to the reader that, to a certain extent, Aztec world paralleled Aztec myth. The rhythm of devastation of the four old Suns, the creative activity of the complete Sun and the conflict it fights to lift each twenty-four hours, can warrant the importance of warfare and human forfeit amongst the Aztecs. These two facets of Aztec civilisation were non merely a agency in which the people paid testimonial to the Gods and restored the Sun energy, but besides instruments that helped construction the political and societal systems. The forfeits to the great Sun besides restored the importance of common mans in the Aztec category system. Fear may hold lied deep in the psyche of the Aztecs with the fact that their 5th Sun would some twenty-four hours be defeated. But that fright and their trueness to the great Sun, allowed the Aztecs to lift and reflect for many old ages over many lands. The Function of Warfare Amongst the Aztecs The term Xochiyaoyotl or # 8220 ; flowery war # 8221 ; was established to foreground the Aztec impression that war was fought chiefly to take captives for forfeit to the Sun. The map of war for the Aztecs was non to derive new districts or to demand testimonial from conquered people, even though this seems to be a natural happening for the victors of war. War was non merely necessary for the life of a new twenty-four hours, but besides for the enlargement of the Aztec Empire. As the population of the Aztec Empire grew so did the demand for nutrient, goods, natural stuffs and labour. These demands were met through the enlargement of trade paths, the add-on of common mans to the imperium, raising the cost of transporting goods, and increasing tribute duties. Warfare was responsible for the steady addition in demands for goods and services by the province. Traders evoked onslaughts against neighbouring communities, supplying the Aztecs with a ground for war and the subsequent sweep of the imperium. Expansion of the imperium meant increased demands for goods and services which were supplied by the agencies stated supra. This rhythm of war, enlargement and increased demands for goods and services by the province repeated itself clip and clip once more. This procedure could hold been damaging to the Aztec Empire if it were non for the menace of human forfeit which kept everyone in line. Warfare was responsible for the supply of tribute goods to the province from environing communities. When the Aztecs went to war they would provide their enemy with all of the equipment needed for war every bit good as inform their enemy that war was in the hereafter. Once this was done the community under onslaught had two picks. If the enemy wished to give up peacefully they would run into their encroachers bearing gifts of gold, nutrient, and natural stuffs. By making this a community was non merely giving into Aztec domination, but besides condemning itself to a life-time of paying testimonial and providing able work forces for war. The 2nd pick that was available to a community under onslaught from the Aztecs was to support themselves against the encroachers. By taking to support themselves a community was seting themselves in a hazardous state of affairs. A community conquered by the Aztecs had to pay really heavy testimonial and about all warriors captured in war were sacrific ed at the Templo Mayor. The menace of human forfeit guarantee vitamin D that the surrounding towns would set up really small opposition to Aztec regulation as they feared mass forfeit as a effect for seeking to keep independency, and thereby aided in the enlargement of the Aztec Empire. # 8220 ; The battle of the Sun against the powers of darkness was non merely a battle of the Gods, but it was besides, above all, the battle of good against immorality. The mission of the Aztecs, was, so, to be on the side of the Sun, the symbol of good, opposing the fearful Gods of darkness, the symbols of evil # 8221 ; ( Caso 94 ) . This quotation mark carries the message that the Aztecs found justification for their enlargement and conquerings. They were non simply a people who used the menace of human forfeit to derive rule over the city states, furthermore they were a people on a mission to give strength to their Gods and win the war of good over immorality. The Function of Human Sacrifice Amongst the Aztecs # 8230 ; they took [ the prisoner ] up [ to the pyramid temple ] before the Satan, [ the priests ] traveling keeping him by his custodies. And he who was known as the organizer [ of prisoners ] , this one laid him out upon the sacrificial rock. And when he had laid him upon it, four work forces stretched him out, [ hold oning ] his weaponries and legs. And already in the manus of the fire priest lay the [ sacrificial knife, with which he was to cut down open the chest of the ceremoniously bathed [ confined ] . And so, when he had split unfastened his chest, he at one time seized his bosom. And he whose chest he laid unfastened was rather alive. And when [ the priest ] had seized his bosom, he dedicated it to the Sun. After the bosom was removed, the victims, # 8220 ; were sent turn overing down the stairss of the temple, and the stairss were bathed in blood. # 8221 ; A priest so cut off the caput for mounting on a skull rack next to the pyramid. ( Smith 223 ) After witnessing such a gruesome bloodshed, one must inquire how such an dismaying sacrificial slaughter could be the footing of paying trueness to a God, and in bend making and keeping a powerful society. Without the pattern of human sacrifice life as the Aztecs knew it would merely discontinue to be, for the Sun would be unable to give energy to life if it did non have energy from sacrificial victims. The Aztecs believed that life depended on a uninterrupted regeneration of energy between the Sun, which gave energy to all earthly life signifiers, and sacrificial victims, who gave up their # 8220 ; tonalli # 8221 ; ( heat from the Black Marias of sacrificial victims ) to the Sun so that it may go on to prolong life. These repeated forfeits were reverberations of fabulous events. Forfeits kept the myth of the conflict between the Sun and the Moon, the visible radiation and dark, twenty-four hours and dark alive for the Aztecs. The day-to-day birth of the Sun is nestled in the energy given through human forfeit. It was this energy beginning, the # 8220 ; tonalli # 8221 ; , which covered up the fright of a defeated Sun and resurrected the visible radiation it shone for that present twenty-four hours and rhythm. Forfeits non merely restored the Sun energy, but besides provided a rhythm that conserved the Aztec # 8217 ; s societal and political systems. To stay a member of Aztec society an person had to function the province by: engaging war on environing communities ; paying testimonial to the province ; or giving one # 8217 ; s ain life to guarantee the continuance of the province. Human forfeit functioned to keep societal organisation by inculcating each member of the Aztec community with a sense of what must be done in order for the State to go on to map. Human forfeit non merely provided the power for the Sun to reflect, but besides glorified the enlargement and power of the Aztec Empire. The pattern of human forfeit was symbolic of the high quality the Aztec Empire and Lords had over all conquered communities. Sacrifice was non merely a symbol of ageless life, it was besides a tool used by the Aztecs to penalize insubordination and refusal to pay testimonial. The pattern of slave forfeit ensured the cooperation of the common mans within a community, for any disobedient slaves were eligible for forfeit. Transformation from Human to Ixiptla As stated above, the menace of human forfeit was used by the Aztecs as a agency for enlargement, guaranting future testimonial to the province, and maintaining all members of the Aztec Empire in their topographic points executing their portion to guarantee the endurance of the imperium. A cardinal construct that may be losing in this belief is that even though it may look like human forfeit was used in a overpowering and baleful manner, the victims of this ritual were non considered ordinary persons. Merely as the great Gods sacrificed themselves, so excessively were these common mans # 8217 ; and slaves # 8217 ; giving up at that place lives for the good of the people. Michael Smith points out ixiptla translated as # 8220 ; divinity imitator # 8221 ; as being one of the cardinal constructs of human forfeit among the Aztecs. The readyings for a forfeit began long before the existent cut of the knife, sometimes every bit much as a twelvemonth in progress. Most victims for forfeit were enemy warriors captured in conflict. Victims were carefully chosen to fit the demands of the God to be honored. The individual who captured the victim sponsored the forfeit, thereby deriving prestigiousness. The higher the rank of the victim, the greater the prestigiousness. Through a series of rites and ritual cleaning, the human victim was transformed into the incarnation of the God on Earth. The greatly-respected ixiptla spent his last yearss or months populating as a God, and when the twenty-four hours of forfeit arrived, he went with award to run into his destiny. Many forfeits were followed by a ceremonial repast at which the household of the capturer or patron ate a part of the victims organic structure. This was a extremely spiritual juncture designed to honour the victim # 8217 ; s memory. # 8220 ; The victim was viewed as a symbolic kin relation of his capturer, and this act of cannibalism was a sacred portion of the whole rite of forfeit # 8221 ; ( Smith 225 ) . Parts of the organic structure and blood were distributed among these people and the Gods as a manifestation of the Restoration of life # 8217 ; s energy. To the Aztecs, so, human forfeit was so necessary if life was to go on for the people of the Sun and the province. The Aztec Class System The predating construct that slaves were chosen to be transformed into Ixiptla, sacrificed to the Gods and manifested by the people who captured them, in a manner contradicts the Aztec category system. There existed two groups of people within the Aztec society: the Godheads, Lords, and priests ( pipiltin ) made up one group ; while the common mans and workers ( macehualtin ) made up the other. The pipiltin controlled the economic, political, societal and spiritual systems within their ward. They were people born of high descent, who enjoyed many privileges and had authorization over the common mans of their ward. The bulk of Aztec population was made up by the common mans or the on the job category citizens. These people were non of baronial birth and as a consequence they all had to pay testimonial to the supreme leader with their merchandises and services, which were required by the State. All of the macehualtin were required to take portion in war and enlargement. Extreme courage on the battleground was about the lone manner that members of the macehualtin group could increase their position or possible get land of their ain. The male monarch was the supreme leader of the Aztec Empire. He was responsible for all of the states and people over which he had control. The male monarch was highly powerful as a consequence of the Aztec belief that male monarchs were the posterities of the God Huitzilopochtli, the God of war who was responsible for the motion of the Sun. This belief manifests the function of male monarchs as being in the place to intercede between the Gods and work forces, and originate the heavenly activity of human forfeit. It is of import to observe that the male monarchs, unlike the victims of forfeit, were non regarded as Gods. It was merely those slaves who were chosen for forfeit that genuinely became connected with the great Aztec Gods. The priests were in charge of the disposal and care-taking of the temple ; larning about and educating others about the Gods, rites, the calender and uranology ; and most significantly the priests were in charge of executing the rites. Priests kept the sacred fires firing in big brasiers, played music at ceremonials, and made legion offerings to the Gods. # 8220 ; Their faces and organic structures were bleached black. Much of their organic structure was scarred and mutilated from changeless bloodletting. Their common hair, worn long, became matted with dried blood from their ears and linguas # 8221 ; ( Smith 221 ) . This description of a typical Aztec priest may paint a bloodstained image to foreigners, but it besides shows their true devotedness to the Gods. They would give up their blood through # 8220 ; autosacrifice # 8221 ; or piercing in order to pay testimonial to the Gods and rekindle the Sun energy. Although autosacrifice was an of import and prevailing rite, it was mer ely a replacement for the more powerful human forfeit. The Godheads, Lords and priests may look more of import than the common mans and working category citizens, nevertheless these lower category citizens were indispensable in making the powerful Aztec society. It was the testimonial of merchandises and services that the common mans paid to the State which allowed the upper category to bask their olympian life style. As stated above, it was the slaves who could go the formations of great divinities and dice for the Sun and it # 8217 ; s people. It is dry that these lower ranked citizens were so the 1s who became closer to the great Gods and provided in many ways for the rise of the Aztec civilization. Each individual, hence, had an of import function to play in the building of the imperium and the continuance of the life of the great Sun. Decision to the People Of The Sun Light, life or affair in electronic province is transmitted from the Sun, reflected by the planets to Earth in molecular province ; and this, combined with the Earth # 8217 ; s mineral province of affair, produces cellular affair or organic life on the surface of the Earth. But when the organic organic structures integrating this energy dice, their energy is reconverted into light and returns to the Sun. ( Waters 206 ) This illustration of the Sun can be seen as the footing for which the Aztecs lived. The Aztecs were so the people of the Sun. They held many myths that centered around the creative activity and rise of the Sun, and it was through these myths that they created their ain society and rose as a great imperium. The Aztecs offered their ain bloods and Black Marias to reconstruct the Sun, and the Sun returned this energy for life back to the people. It was the Sun who inspired the Aztecs to suppress the surrounding towns and turn as a powerful civilization. It was the Sun which allowed even the lowest graded people to attest as the people of the Sun. Even though the Aztec life was permeated by the profound unhappiness of a hereafter of licking, it still remained strong and critical. Each twenty-four hours that the Sun rose was a conflict to be celebrated by the Aztec people, for the God of life has reigned. As has been stated before, myths are a mixture of fact and fiction. This is adequate to do one wonder how much truth there is in the myths that have been discussed in this paper. It is the determination of each person to make up ones mind what they want to believe, because there are in fact many ways to be human. The mode in which the Aztecs decided to populate was their ain cultural building, and is merely left for others to build readings and cosmopolitan significances. One thing is certain, the Sun played a critical function in the manner of life of the Aztec people. The Aztecs decided to pay testimonial to the Sun as an of import beginning of energy that gives visible radiation and life to all creative activities. Through this energy given off by the Sun, the Aztecs grew and flourished as a powerful people. Although some facets of Aztec life may look ruthless to it # 8217 ; s translators, one beam of visible radiation can be sent to all of humanity. Every life psyche lives benea th the same bright Sun, and with the morning of each twenty-four hours one should be grateful and observe the gift of life they have received for that new twenty-four hours.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

7 Signs of Trouble at Home Teachers Should Know

7 Signs of Trouble at Home Teachers Should Know As teachers, we arent only in charge of our students homework assignments and spelling tests. We also need to be aware of the signs of possible trouble at home. Our vigilance and responsible action help our young students be happy and healthy both at home and in the classroom. It can feel uncomfortable to bring up touchy subjects with a students parents. But as responsible adults in our students lives, it is part of our duty to look out for their best interests and help them live up to their full potential. Sleeping at School Sleep is exceedingly important to the health and well-being of young children. Without it, they cant concentrate or perform to the best of their abilities. If you notice a student regularly catching up on sleep during school hours, consider talking to the school nurse for help in formulating a plan of action in conjunction with the parents. Sudden Change in Behavior Just like with adults, an abrupt change in behavior usually signals a cause for concern. As teachers, we get to know our students very well. Keep an eye out for sudden changes in behavior patterns and work quality. If a formerly responsible student completely stops bringing his or her homework, you may want to broach the subject with the students parents. Working as a team, you can enlist their support and implement strategies to get the student back on track. Lack of Cleanliness If a student shows up at school in dirty clothes or with substandard personal hygiene, this can be a sign of neglect at home. Again, the school nurse may be able to support you in addressing this concern with the students guardians. Not only is dirtiness a health issue, but it can also cause isolation and teasing from classmates if its readily noticeable. Ultimately, this can contribute to loneliness and depression. Visible Signs of Injury As mandated reporters in some states, teachers can be legally required to report any suspected child abuse. There is nothing more important (and morally imperative) than saving a helpless child from harm. If you see bruises, cuts, or other signs of injury, dont hesitate to follow your states procedures for reporting suspected abuse. Lack of Preparedness Observant teachers can notice the outward signs of neglect at home. These signs can come in many forms. If a student mentions not eating breakfast each day, or you notice the student doesnt have lunch (or money to buy lunch), you may need to step in as an advocate for the child. Alternatively, if a student doesnt have basic school supplies, make arrangements to provide them, if at all possible. Small children are at the mercy of adults at home. If you notice a gap in care, you may need to step in and help make it right. Inappropriate or Inadequate Clothes Be on the lookout for students who wear the same outfit virtually every day. Similarly, watch out for students who wear summer clothes in the winter and/or lack a proper winter coat. Worn-out or too-small shoes may be additional signs that something isnt right at home. If the parents arent able to provide appropriate clothing, you may be able to work with a local church or charity to get the student what he or she needs. Mentions of Neglect or Abuse This is the most obvious and clear sign that something is wrong (or maybe even dangerous) at home. If a student mentions being home alone at night or getting hit by an adult, this is definitely something to investigate. Again, you should report these comments to a child protective services agency in a timely manner. It is not your job to determine the veracity of such statements. Rather, the relevant government agency can investigate according to ​its  procedure and figure out whats really going on.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

SAM 400 UNIT 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SAM 400 UNIT 6 - Essay Example These types of needs are required to be satisfied before others. On the other hand, higher needs are only important to some workers. In the hierarchy of Maslow, various needs required by any individual working are specified. The first one is the physical needs which are the basic for survival of any human. These needs entail shelter, water, sleep and oxygen among others. The other one is the safety needs as explained by Schermerhorn (Pp. 311) and they include security for any individual in a workplace. Any worker is supposed to feel safe while working and be in safe conditions by avoiding danger. Others include belonging and love need. When the safety and physiological needs of a worker is met, there emerges the need of belongingness and love. Maslow put emphasis on this need by saying that they involve receiving and giving love to workers in a workplace. According to Schermerhorn (Pp. 313), another one is esteem needs that makes an individual in a workplace to feel competent and worthy. This is by the worker being appreciated by the kind of work done. The other need in the hierarchy is self actualization need that realizes a worker’s full potential. In conclusion, the hierarchy of Maslow needs provide many ways that are useful in understanding the motivation of workers. Many business changes were proposed by Maslow so that workplaces would be more responsive to the workers needs (Schermerhorn, Pp.

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

The Early Renaissance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Early Renaissance - Research Paper Example Renaissance in itself had features that brought up America’s great technological strides and augmented their international trade. The early renaissance scholars were advocates for humanistic studies thus established liberal schools that offered liberal education. History, grammar, philosophy, literature and rhetoric were studied. Most of these areas of study are in the today’s education system. Feltre Vittorino a major scholar considered the ancient Greek ideal which he reintroduced into learning. This education incorporated moral training, physical exercise and nurtured the mind and body. Marsilio Ficino harmonized teachings of Plato on love, mainly the divine love in the Christian thoughts. The early scholars thus have a greater impact on today’s philosophy and humanism. Northern Europe had its own humanism brand during the high renaissance in Italy. This movement conflicted with people in the Roman Church resulting into reformation of the Protestants. Counter- Reformation was launched by the Catholic Church for that matter creating wars politically and religiously. Protestant reforms came about due to corruption and abuses in the church and lay piety which had persisted from the Middle Ages. Such reformists included; Calvin John, Martin Luther and King Henry 8. For example, Luther Martin responsibly advocated that churches should preach in their own language and not the Latin language. This is a feature that is within our today’s local churches. Together with his supporters, they established schools.

Monday, November 18, 2019

Write short notes on four of the followings Essay

Write short notes on four of the followings - Essay Example This is because the psychological laboratories that were developed later on took the structure of Wundt’s laboratory. The experiments that Wundt conducted mainly were ground-breaking in nature since they were deviating from the conventional methods of studying psychology to new ways that were not focused on the sciences of nature or the philosophical point of view (Bembenutty 2007). Wundt engaged in experimental methods towards approaching psychological studies. He believed that the reality or the fundamentals of the changes that occurred in an organism relied on an interaction of the two essential processes, which combined to form a psychophysical reaction. The two include; the physiological process that depends on the body functions and the psychological process that depended on mental factors (Hochstetler 2007). Wundt was the initiator of the conception of the identification of occurrences in the mind in relation to external stimuli that could be measurable. In his view, the human mind needs to be considered as an action rather than an object (Harvey 2007). This view was focused on the perceptio n that psychology was not just a subject, but a complex one too that comprised a philosophical perspective in the manner that people perceive issues. In Wundt’s perspective, psychology that encompassed the physiology was understood as a study that was focused on the processes of reactions that originated from exposure of the sensory cells to stimuli, leading to the motivation of the brain and then the muscles of the body leading to a particular behavior in reaction to the stimuli (Bembenutty 2007). This process was paralleled by the contemplation of an individual’s thoughts which defined the events of the mental activities in life. This contemplation was what Wundt based psychological experimentations. In other words, introspection was fundamental to the success of the works of Wundt (Shana

Friday, November 15, 2019

The Sand Mining In Kalu Ganga Environmental Sciences Essay

The Sand Mining In Kalu Ganga Environmental Sciences Essay 01. Kalu Ganga considered as one of the major river in Sri Lanka. It started from Idikatupana in Samanala Mountain and discharged at Kalutara. It is 126 Km long and covered Sbaragamuwa and Western Providences including Ratnapura, Horana and Kalutara. 02. Kalu Ganga is one of the most important Rivers in Sri Lanka which receives very high rainfalls and has higher discharges. Due to its hydrological and topographical characteristics, the lower flood plain suffers from frequent floods and it affects socio-economic profile greatly. 03. Kalu Ganga basin is the second largest river basin in Sri Lanka covering 2766 km2 and much of the catchment is located in the highest rainfall area of the country, which reflects the high annual rainfall. The annual rainfall in the basin is averaged to 4000 mm and leads to 4000 million m3 of annual flow. 04. Indiscriminate river sand mining in Sri Lanka has caused a number of environmental problems such as erosion of river banks, destruction of bridges and roads, sea water intrusion to the coconut and paddy lands, and deterioration of river water quality used for drinking and bathing. However, despite the concerns of authorities and environmental groups, sand mining is continuing at an alarming rate as miners and other beneficiaries still appreciate the private profitability at the expense of long-term environmental costs. 05. On the other hand, blanket recommendations to banning of river sand mining lead to loss of income opportunities of the people, who involved in various activities related to sand mining, and increase the construction costs. CHAPTER 2 AIM 01. The aim of this paper is to convince the reader to impact of sand mining affect on the Kalu River and problems occurred due to sand mining activities. Statement OF PROBLEM 02. With the incensement of the constriction works in Western and Sbaragamuwa provinces annual requirement of sand is increased. In order to fulfill the required demand, sand mining activities also increased in Kalu River. These sand mining activities are caused number of environmental and social problems. Some of these problems are erosion of river bank, sea water intrusion to the agriculture lands and loss of habitant, problem and destruction of road and bridges, and deteriorations of quality of drinking water. Due to excessive sand mining activities this problem also increases rapidly. RESEARCH HYPOTHESES 03. By reducing sand mining activities can be reducing the damage to the environment, save capital for repairing and construction of new road net work and brigs. It is also can up lift social condition of the people who living in these areas. METHODOLOGY 04. This study will be based on data collection form government organization and, people who presently living affected areas and documentary sources. 05. Primary source of collection of information was based on documentary sources including publications, Newspaper articles and information were taken by surfing through the Internet. 06. Secondary source Data obtained from Ministry of Environmental and Geological Survey and Mining Bureau, Visiting to people living in kalu River area. Data obtained from irrigation department. SCOPE OF THE STUDY 07. The scope of the study covers the affect of environment and social problem, because of sand mining activities in Kalu River. STRUCTURE OF THE PAPER 08. The paper will be structured as follows: a. Chapter I. The first chapter will contain the introduction to the paper. b. Chapter II. The second chapter will contain the Methodology of the study and will comprise of the following: (1) Aim (2) Statement of the Problem (3) Research hypothesis (4) Scope of the study (5) Method of data collection (6) Structure of the paper c. Chapter III. Back ground d. Chapter IV. Data e. Chapter V. Analysis f. Chapter VI. Conclusion and recommendation OBJECTIVES 09. General Objectives: To analyze the social and environmental affect and by introducing alternative methods to minimize sand mining activities, to reduce social and environmental are issues. 10. Specific Objectives To analyze what are the problem mainly affected because of sand mining. To analyze how these problems effected to people in this areas. To analyze how these problems effected to government. To introduce suitable solution for the reduce sand mining activities in Kalu River. DATA COLLECTION METHODS 11. Visiting sand mining site (licensed and illegal) in Kalutara and Ratnapura district. 12. Data obtained from Ministry of Environmental and Geological Survey and Mining Bureau. 13. Visiting to people living in kalu River area. 14. Books, News papers, Internet, etc. LIMITATIONS 15. The time available to conduct this research will be only 3 months. The length of the paper will be limited to 5000 words, and it will not be possible to collect data from all the reliable sources. Area of research 16. This research was conducted in Kalutara district covering mast of the areas of sand mining taking palace in Kalu River. The area included Kalutara to Ingiriya along the Kalu River. CHAPTER 3 BACK GROUND 01. The demand required for sand construction works within the country is more than five million cubic meters or eight million ton of sand mine and sold per year. This sand quantity values nearly 16 billion. This high demanding for market of sand led to mining the sand significantly in most of the areas of Kalu River. Not only the deposited sand mining, river bed sand mining as well as river bank sand removal also increased. The river sand mining highly affect to the natural equilibrium of the Kalu River. 02. There are some other important rivers in Sri Lanka also facing to this environmental and social problem in various scales. It is estimated that sand mining in Kalu River has increased by three times in last few years. Over mining in the river causes many problems like deteriorations of quality of drinking water supply due to sea water intrusion to the Kalu River, collapse of river bank and loss of river land. Considering the importance factors of scientific assessment on the environmental degradation consequent to unsystematic sand mining, an effort has made in this research study to recognize remedial and environmental impacts in Kalu River basin due to sand mining. 03. Sand mining is continuing to be a major environment hazard in many parts of Sri Lanka especially due to the unprecedented increase in demand to the civil contraction activities in the infrastructure and housing sector. 04. Substitute for river sand is sea sand which available in the market. However industry prefers river sand due to problems of salinity and the need to dry sea sand to reduce deleterious material. Anther substitute is crashed quartzite rock (impure are from silica) available in form of ridges especially in the hill country as well as Polonnaruwa and Dambulla area. 05. This issue as highlighted in this paragraph is the question of who is legislatively authorized to regulate the mining of river sand. In this content I shall quote from the cost conservation Act No 57 of 1991. Costal zone is defined as the area lying with in a limited of three hundred meters land wards of mean high water line and limit of two kilo Meters seaward from the mean low water line. 06. In cause of river, streams, or any other body of water connected to the sea either permanently or periodically the landward boundary extended to limit of two kilo Meters measured perpendicular to the straight base line drown between natural entrance point and includes water of such river, streams and lagoons or any other body of water so connected to the sea. 07. Under mines and mineral Act NO 33 of 1992 the Geological survey and mines bureau (GSMB) could also issue sand mining permits in the foreshore or sea bed with in the sand mining with in the meaning of crown land ordinance (chapter 454) with the approval of the minister of cost conservation. This act was amended by Act NO 66 Geological survey and mines bureau in 2009. 08. There are some ambiguities related to the regulation of activities in the costal zone and river bank as well as beds. However it must be stressed that all mining activities should be under the Mines Bureau administration by the mines and mineral Act. CHAPTER 4 DATA PRESENT SITUATION Method of sand mining 01. There are three method used for sand mining. Sand mining near to river bank Sand mining in depth water (5 ft to 10 ft)using sand mining bucket with rod (Bonderi method) Sand mining in river bed using boats 02. Considering these there methods, sand mining using boats was prominent in Kalu River. This method was mostly affected for the mining sand in Kalu River. This was done by following sequence. Bring the boat to places were sand are collected. Look for suitable place and place bamboo rod in that place. Take the basket and dive to the water and find were sand available. Takes sand and fill in to the boat. Take down to the river bank and down load to the Lorries or places were sand selling. Sand mining quantities 03. There are different between sand mining quantities and location and people are used for sand mining in place to place and it is generally. 1 Â ½ 2 Volume of cub boat 6 men involued. 1 or less Volume of cub small boat 4 men involved. Most of the boats mining sand about 4 -6 cub of sand per day 04. Considering Kalutara district there are 471 licensed sand mining places according to the GSMB. These places are in Kalutara, MIllaniya, Dodangoda, Madurawala, Bulathsinhala and Ingiriya. GA divisions. Sand mining places in Kalu River in Kalutara district 05. These are the licensed sand mining places in Kalutara district Millaniya 150 Dodangoda 138 Kalutara 061 Madurawala 075 Walalavita 040 Palindanuwara 068 Pandura 007 Ingiriya 037 Bulathsighala 076 06. During year 2010 GSMB was carried out survey on volume of deposited sand in Kalu River. This was carried out two Engineers of GSMB Mr Rgive and Mr Janaka (Mining Engineers). According to there observation this was the result Quantity of sand deposits in Kalu River in a year 120,000 Cub Quantity that mining at kalu River 178,000 Cub 07. According to there are results more than 78,000 Cub of sand adequately mining in Kalu River in yearly? Other livelihoods from depend on sand mining 08. There are few people who depend on sand mining on Kalu River they are sand transporters, small hotels poor people who and supply sand buckets, Environmental Damage due to sand mining 09. River sand is mined for used in the building industry. In a few location it can be even be beneficial by lowering the river bed and reducing flooding. Because of mining of Sand, River bed is lowering and it increases the volume of the water it can hold. Because of that during heavy rain this can be prevent form food. In 2003 food in Ratnapura is about 33 ft but in Tebuwana area it was only 15 ft. 10. Current level of extraction in inappropriate location such as Millaniya, Aguruwathota, Tebuwana and Kalutara has however led to serious environmental impacts. Sand mining has damaged river banks deepened the river and increased costal erosion. Costal erosion arises because river sand replaces sand lost from the beach by reducing wave reaction. 11. Because of the people near river bank are already lost there soil to kalu river and they not allow to mind sand near there lands. From there social problem will occurred and some incident went up to lost of lives. 12. Sand mining by lowering the river bed facilitates intrusion of sea water. Salt water intrusion up stream during the dry season long Kalu River in Kalutara district, intruding salt water enters irrigation system destroying vegetation. In addition, the water table can become saline and affected wells. 13. In dry season people living in this are facing anther problem lowering of water level in there wells. Because of sand mining Kalu River bed lowering in dry season level of water also lower then years a go. Some places people are facing in difficulty to get water for there day today requirement. 14. The biggest environment issue in Kalu River is river bank erosion. Because of sand mining activities, river bed was deepened. This will create unstable river bank. The bank collapsed in to the river. This happen most of the places in Kalu River, this cant be stopped by planting bamboo trees after flood bamboo trees also collapsed in to the river because of it roots are insufficient to take the strength. 15. The damage to the National infrastructure such as road net work and bridges are prominent in Kalu River. Due to collapse of river bank total loss of national infrastructure due to sand mining has never been comprehensively assessed. An estimate of replacement of endangered bridge would cost millions. In Kalu river between Tebuwana and Narthupana there are three endanger bridges. In one place contraction of damaged road was presently going on according to there view this damage cost mare than 10 Million. 16. Indiscriminate river sand mining in Kalu River has caused anther environmental problems deterioration of river water quality used for drinking and bathing because of mixing of sea water. Sand mining is continuing at an alarming rate as miners and other beneficiaries still appreciate the private profitability at the expense of long-term Research done by Open University biology student Mr Chirath Bratha regarding animal and plant volume in a sand mining place and non sand mining place and other details are as follows. The research was done for 1000 ml of water Sand mining place Non sand mining place Water 290 ml 100 ml Find sand 260 ml 250 ml Core sand 260 ml 200 ml Gravel 190 ml 180 ml Other partials 270 ml Species Sand mining place Non sand mining place Puntiours Nigrofaciatus (Bulath hapaya ) 03 Puntious titteya (Le tittaya) 02 10 Puntious Cumigii(Pottaya) 01 03 Darra Ceylonensis (Patirana salaya) 08 Danio pathirama (cheep) 01 Oryzias Melastigma (Hada tittaya) 02 08 Horadania Atokorali (Hora Dandiya) 01 07 This was done by duration one hour Feather he measured Oxysigen percentages in these two places, were sand mining and not mining places. Percentage of Oxygen Places of Sand minims activities took placed for 100 ml 21 mg Percentage of Oxygen places were sand not mining placed .81 mg CHAPTER 5 ANALYSIS 01. According to the dates from and mining places, they will mine sand on about six month per year but according to the people living in this are it was Eight to Nine months. This is an indication of sand mining owners are mining sand excessively. 02. The data will be analyzed using simple descriptive statistics to get a general picture to generate realistic implications.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

The St. Catharines Standard :: essays research papers

The St. Catharines Standard   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I choose to do my essay on the St. Catharines Standard. The Standard is the St.Catharines and Thorold area newspaper. It provides us with the local news, advertising and it keeps us in touch with what is happening all over the world. It was first owned and runned by the Burgoyne family and was printed in St. Catharines but, was sold last year to Southam Inc. and has started to be printed in Hamilton. Southam Inc. also owns other papers such as The Hamilton Spectator,The Ottawa Citizen and The Kingston Wig. Here are some questions that I have made up about The Standard and I have found the answers for them. 1. How important is The Standard to our economy?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Standard is pretty important to our economy. It provides the peoples of St.Catharines and Hamillton with jobs. It also let's the local businesses advertise their business to the people and attracts businesses to St. Catharines. Which brings money to the city. And finally, I provides St. Catharines with the daily news about the city and all over the world. 2. What is the source and type of the paper and why is it used?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Standard gets their paper from wherever they can get it the cheapest. It is Recycled Newsprint. Recycled newsprint is paper that has been previously used paper that has been shredded, de-inked and then turned into pulp so it can make paper again. This type of paper is used because its economical, lightweight, recyclable and is available world wide. 3. What is the process of making the St. Catharines Standard?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The First step in making the newspaper is in the advertising department. The workers in the advertising dept. sell space in the paper to local businesses for ads. This pays for the paper to be made. Then the ads are produced and are redied for the paper a day before it has to be made. After the ad space is sold the paper is sent up to the editorial room so they can look at the space not occupied by ads and decide what stories the need to fill up the paper. Now to make the paper! The pages are assembled and the ads and stories are cut and pasted on to boards. After that a negative is shot of the board.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Reflection Paper Accounting Essay

Accounting to me is challenge as a whole; it is a good subject to learn because accounting knowledge is always in demand. So far, I am on a good path learning the basics of accounting. I’ve learned how accounting affects business and how it allows organizations to identify cash inflows and outflows. This accounting course provided me a great opportunity to understand the various important aspects of accounting that I believe will be helpful in my future practical life. I need to begin my own particular business in future for that it’s important to have great knowledge of Financial and Managerial Accounting. This course has helped me to comprehend numerous essential ideas of accounting. This knowledge is going to help me to comprehend and investigate financial statements and will empower me to take great business choices in view of accounting data. The following is the rundown of what I have realized and can detract from this course. Chapter 01 After reading the first chapter, I learned that who are the stakeholders or users of the accounting information. I get found out about different organizations like AICPA, FASB and so on impacting the foundation of generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for businesses or governmental organizations. I comprehend the significance of morals and accounting gauges like IFRS. While learning different sort of business I become more acquainted with vital idea of accounting i.e. the business entity idea. Most critical thing I adapted in this chapter is accounting ideas and principles. I get to Introduced to assets, liabilities, stock holders equity and imperative financial statements. Chapter 02 Chapter 02 gave insights about strides in recording posting the effects of the business transactions. They are different assets and liabilities records utilized for recoding the exchange as a part of journal, t-records and ledger. Here I learned different strides of accounting cycle beginning from breaking down the transactions by looking at source documents. I found out about get ready trial balance from ledger and amending trial balance errors. Double-entry procedure is utilized which oblige that every exchange be recorded by an entry that has equivalent debits and credits. Resource  records will regularly have charge balances and obligation records will typically have credit balances. I comprehend that records are of two sorts genuine (Balance Sheet accounts) & ostensible (income statement accounts). Chapter 03 After completing the Chapter 03, I am able to understand the adjusting processes of the financial statements for given period in light of trial balance or ledger entries. Here I adapted imperative idea of accrual basis of accounting. In accrual basis of accounting revenues are perceived when they are earned and expenses are perceived when they are really caused to deliver income. Where as in cash basis of revenues and expenses are perceived when cash is gotten and paid separately. Records are balanced so that income statement reports fitting income or cost and to make the balance sheet report the best possible resource or risk. Matching rule obliges that matching of expenses and revenues to introduce a precise photo of the profitability of a business. Adjusting entries are of two sorts deferred and gathered things. In the wake of passing adjusting entries balanced trial balance is readied. Chapter 4 Chapter 04 explained about use of work sheet facilitate the completion of the accounting cycle. The work sheet is a columnar sheet of paper or a computer spreadsheet on which accountants summarize information needed to make the adjusting and closing entries and to prepare the financial statements. Important Steps in competing accounting cycles are preparing adjusted trial balance after posting adjustment entries, Extend adjusted balances of from the Adjusted Trial Balance columns to the Income statement, Statement of retained earnings and Balance sheet. Here I learn important ratios i.e. current ratio and debt ratio. Current ratio specifies company’s ability to pay its short-term obligations. Chapter 05 In chapter 05, I learned different imperative parts of merchandise transactions and there recording. I found out about contra accounts Sales Returns and Allowances account, Sales Discounts account, purchase returns and Allowances account and Purchase Discounts account. Two sorts of  inventory processed took after i.e. perpetual inventory system and periodic inventory technique both having their own particular benefits and negative marks and ought to be utilized according to the need of specific business. Presently computerization as encouraged numerous firms to utilize perpetual inventory method for instance it has get to be economical for some retail locations to utilize perpetual inventory methodology notwithstanding for products of low unit value, for example, goods. Chapter 06 Chapter 06 discusses the diverse methods of inventory accounting i.e. FIFO method, LIFO method and Average cost method. All have diverse merits and negative marks under distinctive situations. For e.g. the merits of FIFO methods are-(1) Easy application, (2) the expected flow of costs relates with the ordinary physical flow of goods and (3) the balance sheet sum for inventory is liable to surmise the current market and so on. Burdens of FIFO can be – amid continually rising prices FIFO can offer ascent to paper profits. Amid times of rising prices, FIFO makes higher net income since the costs charged to cost of goods sold are lower. However LIFO expect that the costs of the latest purchases are the first costs charged to cost of goods sold. Net income is generally lower under LIFO since the costs charged to cost of goods sold are higher because of inflation. Chapter 07 Chapter 07 underlines the significance of having effective internal controls in every business. Inability to implement adequate internal controls can bring about frauds or robberies. Organizations ensure their benefits by different internal control procedures like – segregating employee duties, assigning specific duties to each employee, rotating employee job assignments, and using mechanical devices etc. Five components of internal control are Control environment, Risk assessment, Control activities, Information and communication and Monitoring. Sarbanes-Oxley Act was passed. The Act was passed as one aftereffect of the huge misfortunes to the employees and investors from accounting fraud circumstances including organizations, for example, Enron and WorldCom. I figure out how to build up internal control through control of cash receipts and cash distributions, fitting utilization of the bank checking account, readiness of the bank reconciliation, and protection of petty cash funds. Conclusion Accounting is an important factor in any business; large or small. If you don’t know your numbers, you don’t know the financial health of your business. In later chapters I found out about different sort fixed assets like Property, Plant & equipment and depreciation methods like Straight-line method, units-of-production method and double-Accelerated declining-balance (DDB) method and so forth. Depreciation is the measure of plant resource cost distributed to every accounting period profiting from the plant resource’s utilization. Depreciation is a procedure of portion, not valuation. Land is considered to have an unlimited life and is in this way not depreciable. On the other hand, land improvements brief landscaping, parking lots and so on are connections to the land they have limited lives and thusly are depreciable. For Natural resources rather than depreciation we utilize consumption. Consumption is the fatigue that outcomes from the physical evacuation of a piece of a natural asset. While for intangible assets Amortization is utilized. Amortization is the systematic write-off of the cost of an intangible resource for cost. Goodwill is an intangible value connected to a business, confirm by the capacity to gain preferable return on investment over that earned by competitors in the same industry. I struggle with the accrual accounting only because I have never used this method on either a personal or business related level. In fact, this accounting course made me capable of establishing my own business.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Dickenson essays

Dickenson essays Right from the outset of the poem, Dickinson compares hope to a bird, Hope is the thing with feathers (1). This first line sets the stage for the rest of the poem, in that from this point on the reader will see just how Dickinson believes hope is like a bird. Following the first line Dickinson describes how hope resides within us, by using certain actions of a bird with an underlying meaning of what she is really trying to say. And sings the tune without the words- And never stops - at all (2-4). As a bird perches on a tree branch, so does hope perch inside each of our souls. However hope does not sing out like a bird in his song, but rather instead burns within us never being able to be put into words. But this hope always lets its presence be known just as a bird always sings its song to let other birds know of its presence. In the next stanza Dickinson describes the hardships throughout life that try to kill the hope inside of each of us. And sweetest in the Gale is heard That kept so many warm (5-8). In line five Dickinson is saying that in the worst hardships of our lives, the Gale, hope is stronger then ever before. A bird sings loudest in these difficult times, just as hope tends to erupt out of our body and take action. But just as in reality there are those times in ones life that are just too hard to deal with. The violent storm is compared to the times in our life when we feel like there is no hope left. ...

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

English Words Borrowed From the Chinese Language

English Words Borrowed From the Chinese Language Words taken completely or in part from another language are known as loanwords. In the English language, there are many loanwords that have been borrowed from Chinese languages and dialects. A loanword is not the same as calque, which is an expression from one language that has been introduced into another language as a direct translation. Many English-language calques also have origins in Chinese. Loanwords and calques are useful to linguists in examining when and how one culture processed its interaction with another. 10 English Words That Are Borrowed From Chinese 1. Coolie: While some claim that this term has its origins in Hindi, it’s been argued that it could also have origins in the Chinese term for hard work or è‹ ¦Ã¥Å â€º (kÇ” là ¬) which is literally translated as â€Å"bitter labor.† 2. Gung Ho: The term has its origins in the Chinese word Ã¥ · ¥Ã¥ Ë† (gÃ… ng hà ©) that can either mean to work together  or as an adjective to describe someone that is overly excited or too enthusiastic. The term gong he is a shortened word for industrial cooperatives which were created in China in the 1930s. During that time U.S. Marines adopted the term to mean someone with a can-do attitude. 3. Kowtow: From the Chinese Ã¥  ©Ã¥ ¤ ´ (kà ²u tà ³u) describing the ancient practice performed when anyone greeted a superior – such as an elder, leader, or emperor. The person had to kneel and bow down to the superior, making sure that their foreheads hit the ground. â€Å"Kou tou† is literally translated as â€Å"knock your head.† 4. Tycoon: The origins of this word comes from the Japanese term taikun, which was what foreigners called the shogun of Japan. A shogun was known to be someone who took over the throne and is not related to the emperor. Thus the meaning is typically used for someone who obtained power through might or hard work, rather than inheriting it. In Chinese, the Japanese term â€Å"​taikun† is Ã¥ ¤ §Ã§Å½â€¹ (d wng) which means â€Å"big prince.† There are other words in Chinese that also describe a tycoon including è ´ ¢Ã©Ëœâ‚¬ (ci f) and Ã¥ · ¨Ã¥ ¤ ´ (jà ¹ tà ³u). 5. Yen: This term comes from the Chinese word æ„ ¿ (yun) which means a hope, desire, or wish. Someone who has a strong urge for oily fast food can be said to have a yen for pizza. 6. Ketchup: The origins of this word are debated. But many believe that its origins are from either the Fujianese dialect for the fish sauce é ® ­Ã¦ ±  (guÄ « zhÄ « ) or the Chinese word for eggplant sauce èÅ'„æ ±  (qià © zhÄ «). 7. Chop Chop: This term is said to originate from the Cantonese dialect for the word Ã¥ ¿ «Ã¥ ¿ « (kui kui) which is said to urge someone to hurry up. Kuai means hurry in Chinese. â€Å"Chop Chop† appeared in English-language newspapers printed in China by foreign settlers as early as the 1800s. 8. Typhoon: This is probably the most direct loanword. In Chinese, a hurricane or typhoon is called Ã¥  °Ã© £Å½ (ti fÄ“ng). 9. Chow:  While chow is a breed of dog, it should be clarified that the term did not come to mean food because the Chinese hold the stereotype of being dog-eaters. More likely, chow as a term for food comes from the word è Å" (ci) which can mean food, a dish (to eat), or vegetables. 10. Koan: Originating in Zen Buddhism, a koan is a riddle without a solution, which is supposed to highlight the inadequacy of logic reasoning. A common one is â€Å"What is the sound of one hand clapping.† (If you were Bart Simpson, you would just fold one hand until you made a clapping noise.) Koan comes from the Japanese which comes from the Chinese for å… ¬Ã¦ ¡Ë† (gÃ… ng n). Literally translated it means common case.

Monday, November 4, 2019

Summary on Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Landslides Assignment

Summary on Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Landslides - Assignment Example It covers the sea beds and is the foundation of land masses. Tectonic plate shifting along fault lines is the primary cause of major earthquakes. However this is not just the sole reason for earthquakes. Localised low intensity and low impact earthquakes also occur frequently everyday at different parts of the world. They are due to the shifting of underlying layer of soil, and are confined only to small localities in cities, town or rural area. Lisbon, 1755: The Lisbon Earthquake: The Lisbon earthquake in the country of Portugal back in the 1st of November 1755 was one of the most ghastly natural calamities in the memory of mankind. Nothing every of such gigantic destructive scale had ever occurred in the near recallable future, swallowing everything from a huge civilisation, to thousands of people, human constructions etc. The Lisbon earthquake due to its sheer magnitude of destruction is till date studied by geologists, seismologists, construction firms and earthquake experts. The natural disaster on the 1st of November 1755 in Lisbon was a combination of two natural disasters: A series of high and medium intensity earthquakes followed by an equally devastating Tsunami, due to the aftershock of the earthquake. The date was November 1st 1755 at 9:30 am, one of the most scared days in the Roman calendar (All Saints’ Day), thousands of devotees and followers had gathered in the innumerable streets and lanes of Lisbon crowding near Cathedrals or flocking towards the smaller churches. The day was crisp and clear and the priest had just begun chanting â€Å"Gaudeamus omnes in Domino, diem festum†¦Ã¢â‚¬  when the cathedrals and churches started to sway and lurch from side to side. The bronze bells began to ring madly and candles toppled from their stands and fell over. Within seconds from the initial ushering of the tremor, it gathered intensity and magnitude, tossing buildings down like match boxes and dislodging large chunks of masonry that fell on fearful worshippers crushing them to their death. The second larger shock came a few seconds later and caused even more damage compared to the first one, razing damaged construction and building to dust, killing thousands. After 90 minutes from the last major shock, three devastating Tsunamis struck the coast of Lisbon one after the other wiping out human settlement along the coast line and leaving nothing but indistinguishable ruins and mangled remains of construction debris and human bodies washed up on the shores. The extensive damage caused by the earthquake triggered a massive fire outbreak in the entire city, initiated by toppled candles and broken hearths, that set flame to the highly combustible wooden buildings. Soon the entire city was engulfed in the violent lashings of flame, charring to death thousands of people and leaving nothing but roasted remains of human property and burnt dead bodies. This was the horrific natural calamity in Lisbon two and a half centuries ago t hat killed tens of thousands of people and scarred the entire city mercilessly with irreversible damage that took centuries to rebuild. San Francisco, 1906: The San Francisco Earthquake: San Francisco was no stranger to destructive earthquakes and fires. It had burnt down 6 times during the years of gold rush in the years 1849 – 1851. This was because most of the building were made of flimsy

Friday, November 1, 2019

What impact has the war on drugs had on women Essay

What impact has the war on drugs had on women - Essay Example This essay would further analyze the impact of the war on drugs on women in this century (Solovitch 2006 & Bloom et al 2004). Figures taken from Women’s Prison Association showed an increase of 592 percent cases of women jailed for abusing drugs from the year 1977 to 2001 (Solovitch 2006). This shows a dramatic increase in the number of women jailed and the impact of the new legislative policies regarding drugs on the women. It is noted that women are the ones who are suffering the most at the hands of the war on drugs. An example of pregnant women can be considered here as when legislations were introduced it was seen that women who were using drugs were snatched of their parenting rights and were not allowed to bear the child (Bloom et al 2004). The pregnant women are at times even referred to child welfare authorities and in some states it is noticed that these women are sentenced to death. Not only this, the whole system of rehabilitation has also largely been only made to suit the male population living in this world. The women who are affected by drug abuse are not even given proper treatment when they are caught and yet again have to suffer because of the so called war on drugs (Solovitch 2006). In conclusion it can be said that although the number of men imprisoned for drug abuse are still higher than the women imprisoned for drug abused but even then the women are suffering the most from the new legislations. It is seen that many of the rights of these women are snatched without even being provided with their basic rights. Rehabilitation centers are specially made in line with the requirements of men and not women and that is why the women are not fully able to cure themselves from this problem. But on the contrary it can also be said that because of this war many women tend to avoid getting into the drug business as they are afraid of being punished and this seems like an

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Abortion in Canadian law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Abortion in Canadian law - Essay Example This essay will trace the development of abortion law in Canada.This law has originated from a variety of sources,philosophical,moral,religious and has resulted in current law that is framed by social values. Abortion law has basics of all of these but some are more clear and enduring than others are. Before this I will provide a shot history of general law and its relationship to social contract theory and moral philosophy. The influence of Dr. Henry Morgentaler on the evolution of abortion law will also be explored, as he is responsible for much of the progress made in the area. The conclusion is a brief summary, which shows that all law has a philosophical background but abortion law in Canada appears to have had an historical evolution. Influenced initially by a philosophical basis, religion and morality and more recently by societal values and expectations.Abortion law in Canada appears to have a philosophical origin. This can be located within social contract theory and moral p hilosophy. Social contract theory is the assumption that people must have entered into some kind of binding contract with other members of society. The idea being that people had sacrificed their personal independence that was guaranteed in the State of Nature in order to secure freedom of will devise for the greater good. Collective freedom was believed to ensure principles of liberty, justice and equality- democracy. Voluntary (and in Hobbesian theory, forced) submission to democratic principles was a superior moral decision to put the will of the collective ahead of oneself, thereby creating a moral basis of law (Browning, 1997). Whilst it is clearly possible to locate the primary source of the law itself, it is considerably more difficult to trace that origin in accord with specific legislation such as abortion law. The historical development of abortion law in Canada has endured many phases from its start in the late 1800's through to contemporary times. In early societies women had been excluded from civic engagement on the grounds that they were emotionally incapable of making reasonable decisions and as such were best suited to family life. This assumption along with religious and moral insult and possibly the desire of the state to control the reproductive rights of women and to regulate their sexual behavior have provided the basis of abortion law in Canada. Canadian abortion law can be traced to around 1869 when abortion first became illegal after the Canadian Parliament passed a complete ban on the procedure (Arthur, 1999). 1892 law reform saw these guidelines tightened when Canada's first Criminal Code was introduced. This Code prohibited abortion as an acceptable medical procedure and legislated against the inducement of miscarriage, ensuring that it would be seen as a criminal offe nse (History of Abortion Law in Canada, 2003). The confusion surrounding abortion law continued throughout the 1800's and into the 1900's until the situation became so desperate that further modification of abortion law was necessary. Between 1926 and 1947 an estimated 4000 to 6000 women died during botched illegal abortions and by the 1960's it was estimated that anywhere between 35,000 and 120,000 abortions were being performed every year (Arthur, 1999). Shocked at learning of such high statistics and horrified by being legally required to turn away women, many doctors and legal practitioners began to take up the challenge of securing women's right. The 1960's form a group to aim to solve the problem. The foundations for more progressive abortion law in Canada was set in 1967 when Trudeau authorized a bill that would permit women to have legal abortions in special circumstances if they were approved by a medical committee contain of three medical professionals. This bill became law in 1969 under section 287 of the Criminal Code, women could seek legal abortions if doctors ruled that it was in the best interest of the woman's physical or mental

Monday, October 28, 2019

Altruism in humans Essay Example for Free

Altruism in humans Essay Calvin et al (1987) proposed a more selfish view of helping, stressing that people help others to avoid feeling sad (a negative state) and because it makes them feel good about themselves. This is called the Negative State Relief (NSR) model. It doesnt matter whether the negative affect (mood) is caused by witnessing the distress of the victim or whether the helper was already in bad mood. Either way, you help to improve your own mood. Adults may internalise the reward of doing good. . Therefore, adults in a bad mood may help in order to alleviate their negative state. However if people can relieve their negative mood through some other source (such as hearing a good joke or getting some money) then they do not need to help. Effect of Mood Enhancement (EME) study A variation on Batsons research was carried. Those participants in the high empathy group (i. e. those who shared in the same opinions as Elaine or Charlie) were offered some cash during the experiment. Accordingly, they helped less-their negative state at seeing Elaine or Charlie suffer was diminished by the cash. The reduction of their negative state in this was meant that they didnt have to help reduce their negative feelings (conclusion). Its been found in numerous studies that being in a good mood results in more pro-social behaviour. Research have found people to be more helpful after listening to comedy, smelling pleasant odours, after finding money or by going outside on sunny days (Boron and Byrne,199. ). However if people feel their good mood will be affected by helping then they are more likely to not help and walk. Artificial studies: all lab studies are extremely artificial and lack ecological validity. Behaviour in the real world is subject to many other factors, such as social and cultural influences on behaviour none of which are explored in these lab settings. Therefore it is difficult to generalise lab findings to a wider context. People have criticised Cialdini et al for proposing to negative a view of human behaviour. However the selfish view of human behaviour might be right. ) Helping does help negative state: its not in dispute those helping others/ another person in need does lead to an improved mood for the helper. So it has face validity.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Essays --

Oedipus the King Oedipus Rex is believed to be one of the best classical examples of the Greek classical order and what tragedy represents. Many Greek tragedies include a central character that is known to be the â€Å"tragic hero†. In Oedipus Rex by Sophocles, Oedipus the main character plays this role. This paper will give a brief summary of some of the characteristics of a tragic hero, while also analyzing all the major events that lead to Oedipus rise and downfall. Oedipus, the king of Thebe’s tragedy modelled Aristotle’s theorizing’s of what tragedy is in his book the Poetics. The play has a very well-constructed plot that follows Greek classical order. Aristotle and subsequent critics have labeled Oedipus the ideal tragic hero. A brief summary of the play: Oedipus is the son of the King and the Queen of Thebes. The king Laius learns from an oracle that his son will grow up to murder him and marry his wife. Horrified at the prophecy Laius sends his son to be killed to avoid the prophecy from becoming true. The servant pity’s the baby and gives the child to someone else who then gives it to their king and queen who were unable to have children. Oedipus grows up and goes to the oracle who then tells him about the prophecy. Afraid of what might happen he leaves the kingdom trying to avoid the prophecy as well. While on the road he crosses paths with a group of males and get into a confrontation, the fight escalates and Oedipus kills them not knowing that one of them is Laius his father. He continues and arrives at Thebes and sees that a sphinx has taken the city hostage. He resolved the riddle of the sphinx, which had been killing the young men of Thebes. By solving the riddle he became highly praised b y the city of Thebes. As... ... parents. His initial intention was to relieve Oedipus from his fears of the prophecy; instead the results prove to be contradictory to his initial intent. The messenger provides him with critical information that immediately reveals to Oedipus that he was not successful in preventing the prophecy his actions lead him right into it. As Aristotle recommends, this is directly connected to the anagnorisis, for the messenger and the herdsman are the missing link to Oedipus true story. The messenger enables him to â€Å"recognize† his true identity, he gains the initial knowledge he lacked. The peripeteia and anagnorisis changes Oedipus fortune. His good fortune turns out to be a catastrophe that leads to suffering. His actions will be considered a setback of his intentions, and each of them will give him more insight of the truth that will eventually lead to his downfall.