Abortion in Canadian law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Abortion in Canadian law - Essay Example This essay will trace the development of abortion law in Canada.This law has originated from a variety of sources,philosophical,moral,religious and has resulted in current law that is framed by social values. Abortion law has basics of all of these but some are more clear and enduring than others are. Before this I will provide a shot history of general law and its relationship to social contract theory and moral philosophy. The influence of Dr. Henry Morgentaler on the evolution of abortion law will also be explored, as he is responsible for much of the progress made in the area. The conclusion is a brief summary, which shows that all law has a philosophical background but abortion law in Canada appears to have had an historical evolution. Influenced initially by a philosophical basis, religion and morality and more recently by societal values and expectations.Abortion law in Canada appears to have a philosophical origin. This can be located within social contract theory and moral p hilosophy. Social contract theory is the assumption that people must have entered into some kind of binding contract with other members of society. The idea being that people had sacrificed their personal independence that was guaranteed in the State of Nature in order to secure freedom of will devise for the greater good. Collective freedom was believed to ensure principles of liberty, justice and equality- democracy. Voluntary (and in Hobbesian theory, forced) submission to democratic principles was a superior moral decision to put the will of the collective ahead of oneself, thereby creating a moral basis of law (Browning, 1997). Whilst it is clearly possible to locate the primary source of the law itself, it is considerably more difficult to trace that origin in accord with specific legislation such as abortion law. The historical development of abortion law in Canada has endured many phases from its start in the late 1800's through to contemporary times. In early societies women had been excluded from civic engagement on the grounds that they were emotionally incapable of making reasonable decisions and as such were best suited to family life. This assumption along with religious and moral insult and possibly the desire of the state to control the reproductive rights of women and to regulate their sexual behavior have provided the basis of abortion law in Canada. Canadian abortion law can be traced to around 1869 when abortion first became illegal after the Canadian Parliament passed a complete ban on the procedure (Arthur, 1999). 1892 law reform saw these guidelines tightened when Canada's first Criminal Code was introduced. This Code prohibited abortion as an acceptable medical procedure and legislated against the inducement of miscarriage, ensuring that it would be seen as a criminal offe nse (History of Abortion Law in Canada, 2003). The confusion surrounding abortion law continued throughout the 1800's and into the 1900's until the situation became so desperate that further modification of abortion law was necessary. Between 1926 and 1947 an estimated 4000 to 6000 women died during botched illegal abortions and by the 1960's it was estimated that anywhere between 35,000 and 120,000 abortions were being performed every year (Arthur, 1999). Shocked at learning of such high statistics and horrified by being legally required to turn away women, many doctors and legal practitioners began to take up the challenge of securing women's right. The 1960's form a group to aim to solve the problem. The foundations for more progressive abortion law in Canada was set in 1967 when Trudeau authorized a bill that would permit women to have legal abortions in special circumstances if they were approved by a medical committee contain of three medical professionals. This bill became law in 1969 under section 287 of the Criminal Code, women could seek legal abortions if doctors ruled that it was in the best interest of the woman's physical or mental

Altruism in humans Essay Example for Free

Altruism in humans Essay Calvin et al (1987) proposed a more selfish view of helping, stressing that people help others to avoid feeling sad (a negative state) and because it makes them feel good about themselves. This is called the Negative State Relief (NSR) model. It doesnt matter whether the negative affect (mood) is caused by witnessing the distress of the victim or whether the helper was already in bad mood. Either way, you help to improve your own mood. Adults may internalise the reward of doing good. . Therefore, adults in a bad mood may help in order to alleviate their negative state. However if people can relieve their negative mood through some other source (such as hearing a good joke or getting some money) then they do not need to help. Effect of Mood Enhancement (EME) study A variation on Batsons research was carried. Those participants in the high empathy group (i. e. those who shared in the same opinions as Elaine or Charlie) were offered some cash during the experiment. Accordingly, they helped less-their negative state at seeing Elaine or Charlie suffer was diminished by the cash. The reduction of their negative state in this was meant that they didnt have to help reduce their negative feelings (conclusion). Its been found in numerous studies that being in a good mood results in more pro-social behaviour. Research have found people to be more helpful after listening to comedy, smelling pleasant odours, after finding money or by going outside on sunny days (Boron and Byrne,199. ). However if people feel their good mood will be affected by helping then they are more likely to not help and walk. Artificial studies: all lab studies are extremely artificial and lack ecological validity. Behaviour in the real world is subject to many other factors, such as social and cultural influences on behaviour none of which are explored in these lab settings. Therefore it is difficult to generalise lab findings to a wider context. People have criticised Cialdini et al for proposing to negative a view of human behaviour. However the selfish view of human behaviour might be right. ) Helping does help negative state: its not in dispute those helping others/ another person in need does lead to an improved mood for the helper. So it has face validity.

Essays --

Oedipus the King Oedipus Rex is believed to be one of the best classical examples of the Greek classical order and what tragedy represents. Many Greek tragedies include a central character that is known to be the â€Å"tragic hero†. In Oedipus Rex by Sophocles, Oedipus the main character plays this role. This paper will give a brief summary of some of the characteristics of a tragic hero, while also analyzing all the major events that lead to Oedipus rise and downfall. Oedipus, the king of Thebe’s tragedy modelled Aristotle’s theorizing’s of what tragedy is in his book the Poetics. The play has a very well-constructed plot that follows Greek classical order. Aristotle and subsequent critics have labeled Oedipus the ideal tragic hero. A brief summary of the play: Oedipus is the son of the King and the Queen of Thebes. The king Laius learns from an oracle that his son will grow up to murder him and marry his wife. Horrified at the prophecy Laius sends his son to be killed to avoid the prophecy from becoming true. The servant pity’s the baby and gives the child to someone else who then gives it to their king and queen who were unable to have children. Oedipus grows up and goes to the oracle who then tells him about the prophecy. Afraid of what might happen he leaves the kingdom trying to avoid the prophecy as well. While on the road he crosses paths with a group of males and get into a confrontation, the fight escalates and Oedipus kills them not knowing that one of them is Laius his father. He continues and arrives at Thebes and sees that a sphinx has taken the city hostage. He resolved the riddle of the sphinx, which had been killing the young men of Thebes. By solving the riddle he became highly praised b y the city of Thebes. As... ... parents. His initial intention was to relieve Oedipus from his fears of the prophecy; instead the results prove to be contradictory to his initial intent. The messenger provides him with critical information that immediately reveals to Oedipus that he was not successful in preventing the prophecy his actions lead him right into it. As Aristotle recommends, this is directly connected to the anagnorisis, for the messenger and the herdsman are the missing link to Oedipus true story. The messenger enables him to â€Å"recognize† his true identity, he gains the initial knowledge he lacked. The peripeteia and anagnorisis changes Oedipus fortune. His good fortune turns out to be a catastrophe that leads to suffering. His actions will be considered a setback of his intentions, and each of them will give him more insight of the truth that will eventually lead to his downfall.

The Crucible - Comparing Play And Movie Essay -- arthur miller film Ni

Arthur Miller's play, The Crucible, and the movie with the same name have many differences and similarities, all of which contribute to the individual effectiveness of each in conveying their central message. There are several additions and variances in the movie. First of all, the scene where the children and Tituba are dancing in the forest is never seen in the forest; we simply learn of it from dialogue. This scene was most probably added in the movie for a dramatic effect: foreshadowing. Along the same lines, there are many scenes included in the movie that are outdoors, however; there were no such scenes in the play. All of the action in the play was indoors. The director, in this case, was simply using the advantages of movie making. It is difficult to replicate an outdoors scene in a theatre. Also, some of the techniques used when filming outdoors create a symbolic message. A portion of the scenes before the beginning of the witchcraft trials is seen in a downpour of rain, possibly foreshadowing doom and dreariness to come. There were some scenes added or adapted in the movie as opposed to the play. First, the large group of "stricken" girls, which indeed had a greater number than did the group in the play, left the church meeting at the beginning of the movie to see about Betty's condition. Betty seemed to be much more violent in the movie and she tried to jump out of the window, which did not occur in the play. These details were most likely added to ...

Mcgee Cake Company

Running Header: CASE STUDY 1 The McGee Cake Company: A Case Study Submitter Instructor BUS Course 2012 CASE STUDY 2 Introduction The McGee Cake Company, owned by Doc and Lyn McGee, has been a sole proprietorship company since its inception in 2005 (Ross, Westerfield & Jordan, 2013, p. 18).A sole proprietorship â€Å"is the least regulated form of organization† and has allowed the McGee's to run their company largely as they see fit and to reap all the financial profits. However, the company's recent growth has added additional financial burdens which have caused the McGee's to revisit the company's current form of organization (Ross, Westerfield, & Jordan, 2013, p. 5). To that end, the owners have approached me â€Å"to help manage and direct the [company since its fast growth has] led to cash flow and capacity problems† (Ross, Westerfield & Jordan, 2013, p. 8). What follows is information on â€Å"the advantages and disadvantages of changing the company's organizati on from a sole proprietorship to an [limited liability company] as well as â€Å"the advantages and disadvantages of changing the [company's current form of business organization] to a corporation† (Ross, Westerfield & Jordan, 2013, p. 18). In addition, the McGee's have asked me for my recommendation as to which form of business organization I believe the company should undertake and the reasons/rationale behind my recommendation.CASE STUDY 3 Key Issue The one key issue that has led the McGee's to consider moving the company from a sole proprietorship to a limited liability company or that of a corporation is the company's recent rapid growth. This growth has presented both opportunities and challenges for the company as a whole.Specifically, â€Å"sales have exploded† since The McGee Cake Company was recently featured in â€Å"a leading specialty food magazine† (Ross, Westerfield & Jordan, 2013, p. 18). While this growth has allowed the McGee's to use the comp any's revenues as their sole source of income, it has increased their need for capital as they have had to hire â€Å"additional workers to meet the demand† (Ross, Westerfield & Jordan, 2013, p. 18). Also, additional capital will be needed to purchase more assets in an effort to keep up with the company's continuing growth (Ross, Westerfield & Jordan, 2013, p. 8). Under the current business form these two increased expenditures—payroll and assets–are the sole financial responsibility of the McGee's which may cause some financial stress since their available â€Å"equity†¦ is limited to the amount of [their] personal wealth† (Ross, Westerfield, & Jordan, 2013, p. 5). This growth has also presented the McGee's with the opportunity to enter into business with â€Å"a national supermarket chain [that has proposed] to put four of [the McGee's] cakes in all of the chain's stores† (Ross, Westerfield & Jordan, 2013, p. 18).In addition, the McGee's hav e been approached by â€Å"a national restaurant chain [in regards to] selling McGee cakes in its restaurants† (Ross, Westerfield & Jordan, 2013, p. 18). Again, under sole proprietorship the company may miss out on these opportunities â€Å"because of insufficient capital† to expand the business assets (Ross, Westerfield & Jordan, 2013, p. 5). For example, if the McGee's do not have the capital to purchase more ovens they may not be able to keep up with the increased demand from the supermarket/restaurant chains, potentially causing both business ventures to fail.In order for the company to capitalize on its current growth the McGee's need to be informed of the advantages and disadvantages of other forms of business organizations to determine which will best suit their needs for both the short- and long-term. CASE STUDY 4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Changing from a Sole Proprietorship to a Limited Liability Company â€Å"The goal of [a limited liability company] i s to operate and be taxed like a partnership but retain limited liability for owners† (Ross, Westerfield & Jordan, 2013, p. ). Thus â€Å"[t]he main advantage gained by shifting from a sole proprietorship to a more formal organization [whether it be a limited liability company or a corporation] is liability protection† (Cromwell, n. d. , n. p. ). Under sole proprietorship the McGee's have â€Å"unlimited liability for [their] business debts† (Ross, Westerfield & Jordan, 2013, p. 5). This means that if their business owes creditors and the McGee's are unable to pay with business assets the creditors can demand payment via the McGee's personal assets (Ross, Westerfield & Jordan, 2013, p. ). In contrast, under a limited liability company the McGee's personal assets would be protected â€Å"from business liability† (Cromwell, n. d. , n. p. ). Additionally, the McGee's must rely on their own personal wealth in an effort to raise equity whereas a limited liabili ty company affords the business â€Å"to bring a number of investors and partners† on board in an effort to raise capital (Ross, Westerfield & Jordan, 2013, p. 5; Cromwell, n. d. , n. p. ).Hence, the limited liability company will provide them with the capital they require to increase their business assets in order to keep up with the high demand for their products. In terms of taxes the McGee's currently report their personal and business taxes as one. Under a limited liability company they will no longer be able to claim their business income on their personal filings; separate tax returns would have to be filed for both their personal income and their business income (Cromwell, n. d. , n. p. ).Moreover, the McGee's would have to file documentation with the state prior to their company being able to claim limited liability status. The taxes and state filing issues, in my professional opinion, should not be viewed as detractors. The benefits the company will reap (e. g. , ab ility to raise capital) certainly outweigh the annual taxation preparation and filing with the state to ‘establish' the limited liability company. CASE STUDY 5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Changing from a Sole Proprietorship to a CorporationSome of the advantages of forming a corporation are, in contrast to sole proprietorship, â€Å"owner-ship [of a corporation] can be readily transferred† (Ross, Westerfield & Jordan, 2013, pp. 5-6). Also, like a limited liability company, a corporation has â€Å"limited liability for the company's debts and [stockholders] can only lose what they have invested† (Ross, Westerfield & Jordan, 2013, p. 6). In addition, unlike sole proprietorship, a corporation an unlimited [business] life† (Ross, Westerfield & Jordan, 2013, p. ). For these reasons, a corporation is a superior form of business organization for raising capital (Ross, Westerfield & Jordan, 2013, p. 6). Along with the advantages of forming a corporation comes t he main disadvantage: taxation. Corporations must deal with double taxation â€Å"meaning that†¦ profits are taxed [at both] the corporate level when†¦ earned and again at the personal level when they are paid out† (Ross, Westerfield & Jordan, 2013, p. 6).While a corporation provides many advantages the tax disadvantage that comes with it currently outweighs those advantages. CASE STUDY 6RecommendationWith The McGee Cake Company's rapid growth it is in need of changing its form of business organization. In particular, the McGee's â€Å"need enhanced protection for [their] personal assets from business obligations and liabilities as well as a better vehicle to attract investors† (Cromwell, n. . , n. d. ). Therefore, after carefully weighing the advantages and disadvantages of changing from a sole proprietorship to a limited liability company or that of a corporation my recommendation is for the former. Becoming a limited liability company will benefit them gr eatly since it provides limited liability in that their personal assets will be separate from their business assets, thus protecting their personal assets from creditors seeking payment if such a situation should ever arise.Becoming a limited liability company will also allow the McGee's to raise equity through partners and investors. Since the McGee's are in need of additional capital to purchase new business assets in an effort for them to keep up with the current demand for their products a limited liability company would allow them this advantage. Since this rapid growth may continue the McGee's may want to revisit becoming a corporation. However, my recommendation is for them to take the next logical and less daunting step and become a limited liability company for the reasons stated above.CASE STUDY 7 References Cromwell, J. (n. d. ). Demand Media: The Advantages and Disadvantages of Changing the Company Organization from a Sole Proprietorship. Retrieved from http://smallbusi ness. chron. com/advantages-disadvantages-changing-company-organization-sole-proprietorship-24632. html Ross, S. , Westerfield, R. , & Jordan, B. (2013). Fundamentals of Corporate Finance (10th ed. ). McGraw-Hill/Irwin: New York, NY

Free Essays on Instituto De Defensa Legal †Legal Defense Institute

Instituto de Defense Legal – Legal Defense Institute The mission of the Legal Defense Institute is to defend and promote human rights as a part of bringing peace to Peru and consolidating its democratic institutions. They work for the human rights of the people in their country and for peace. They also want to unify the democratic institutions, have active citizen participation and institute a rule of law. The organization has many reasons for their purposes. The IDL was founded in Peru in 1983 because of the emergence of general and permanent violence due to the Sendero Luminoso or Shining Path. The Shining Path is a radical political organization that used various terrorist methods against the government. In retaliation, the Peruvian government then started committing human rights violations against innocent citizens of Peru. The focus was mainly on farmers and people who lived in rural unpopulated areas of the country. Thousands of innocent people have been tortured, imprisoned, and murdered based upon assumptions made from the government. The IDL’s goals are to maintain citizen security, public order, and proper police function. The Legal Defense Institute uses a wide variety of methods to implement their plans. They use different legal and judicial activities. They offer legal defense and judicial information and counseling. They produce and propagate legislative proposals. They also send educational materials about their cause to judges, army and police forces, social organizations, academic audiences, and non-governmental organizations. They use education and communication activities for training citizens to be leaders for the cause in their communities. After these training seminars, participants conduct citizen campaigns to identify local concern and mobilize citizens to develop a common platform. Other means of education and communication are regional meetings, participation in the Peruvian Netw... Free Essays on Instituto De Defensa Legal – Legal Defense Institute Free Essays on Instituto De Defensa Legal – Legal Defense Institute Instituto de Defense Legal – Legal Defense Institute The mission of the Legal Defense Institute is to defend and promote human rights as a part of bringing peace to Peru and consolidating its democratic institutions. They work for the human rights of the people in their country and for peace. They also want to unify the democratic institutions, have active citizen participation and institute a rule of law. The organization has many reasons for their purposes. The IDL was founded in Peru in 1983 because of the emergence of general and permanent violence due to the Sendero Luminoso or Shining Path. The Shining Path is a radical political organization that used various terrorist methods against the government. In retaliation, the Peruvian government then started committing human rights violations against innocent citizens of Peru. The focus was mainly on farmers and people who lived in rural unpopulated areas of the country. Thousands of innocent people have been tortured, imprisoned, and murdered based upon assumptions made from the government. The IDL’s goals are to maintain citizen security, public order, and proper police function. The Legal Defense Institute uses a wide variety of methods to implement their plans. They use different legal and judicial activities. They offer legal defense and judicial information and counseling. They produce and propagate legislative proposals. They also send educational materials about their cause to judges, army and police forces, social organizations, academic audiences, and non-governmental organizations. They use education and communication activities for training citizens to be leaders for the cause in their communities. After these training seminars, participants conduct citizen campaigns to identify local concern and mobilize citizens to develop a common platform. Other means of education and communication are regional meetings, participation in the Peruvian Netw...

Free Essays on Uniuniting Walls

UniUniting Walls From now on, September 11 will always bring thoughts of hatred, confusion, and terror into my mind, as well as my fellow Americans'. As we search for comfort and hope, many of us have turned to religion for answers. Despite the fact many people do not consider themselves religious, the tragedy has brought them closer to God. Synagogues, mosques, and churches alike have had record attendance since the attack. Instead of working alone, many religions have formed interfaith activities to show support and build hope for the nation. Christians, Muslims and Jews have been coming together and forgetting their religious divisions. Several of them have temporarily combined their services. "We need to really stand close at a time like this", said a Christian attending one of these service ("Coming Together", 3). And its true, different religions have come together in support of one another, to bring hope to the hurting people. Many places of worship in New York have opened their doors wide to those residents of Lower Manhattan whose homes were destroyed in the terrorist attack. They haven't only welcomed in those of their own faith, but those of different denominations and even religions. A Muslim mosque and a Presbyterian Church are joining their time of worship together, and following it with dinner to break the ice between cultures. Despite the fact that some are naturalized American citizens, Arabs and Muslims have been harassed because of their race. The terrorists attack has not only brought them fear of the terrorist, but fear of their fellow Americans. "None of us likes being blamed for what's happening but let's try to remain quiet", said a Muslim at Masjid Al-salaam ("Coming Together", 1). And being blamed, they are. A man violently drove his car into the Islamic Center of Cleveland during their morning prayers, in order to get his revenge. Yet he acted very similar to the suicidal terrorist. T... Free Essays on Uniuniting Walls Free Essays on Uniuniting Walls UniUniting Walls From now on, September 11 will always bring thoughts of hatred, confusion, and terror into my mind, as well as my fellow Americans'. As we search for comfort and hope, many of us have turned to religion for answers. Despite the fact many people do not consider themselves religious, the tragedy has brought them closer to God. Synagogues, mosques, and churches alike have had record attendance since the attack. Instead of working alone, many religions have formed interfaith activities to show support and build hope for the nation. Christians, Muslims and Jews have been coming together and forgetting their religious divisions. Several of them have temporarily combined their services. "We need to really stand close at a time like this", said a Christian attending one of these service ("Coming Together", 3). And its true, different religions have come together in support of one another, to bring hope to the hurting people. Many places of worship in New York have opened their doors wide to those residents of Lower Manhattan whose homes were destroyed in the terrorist attack. They haven't only welcomed in those of their own faith, but those of different denominations and even religions. A Muslim mosque and a Presbyterian Church are joining their time of worship together, and following it with dinner to break the ice between cultures. Despite the fact that some are naturalized American citizens, Arabs and Muslims have been harassed because of their race. The terrorists attack has not only brought them fear of the terrorist, but fear of their fellow Americans. "None of us likes being blamed for what's happening but let's try to remain quiet", said a Muslim at Masjid Al-salaam ("Coming Together", 1). And being blamed, they are. A man violently drove his car into the Islamic Center of Cleveland during their morning prayers, in order to get his revenge. Yet he acted very similar to the suicidal terrorist. T...

Within Christianity Essays

Within Christianity Essays Within Christianity Essay Within Christianity Essay Within Christianity there are a wide range of symbols which represent what is believed. Christian buildings are themselves symbolic, as are the things inside of them. Similarly, Christians use colour and music for different occasions to symbolise different things. All of these aspects of Christianity can be different in size and style (modern or traditional) depending on which denomination is being represented.In terms of Christian buildings, the architecture and design is often symbolic. There are three main types of buildings; cathedrals, orthodox churches and free churches. Cathedrals are usually large and this demonstrates their importance. They were historically built at the centre of the community to represent Gods kingship on Earth. Inside cathedrals and parish churches, the altar is the focus of attention as this is where the main act of worship takes place. Methodist churches often have smaller altars than other denominations. The lectern is where the word of God is spoken and it can be in the shape of an eagle which symbolises the spreading of Gods words. Orthodox churches are often built in the shape of a cross which represents the sacrificial death of Jesus Christ.The large dome on the top of the church symbolises Christs presence, eternity and the nearness of heaven. Inside, orthodox churches are often richly decorated with carvings that represent the life of Christ. Free churches, on the other hand, are where Baptist meet and these meetings happen in simple halls where the pulpit is the focus of attention. The pulpit is slightly raised which makes worshipers look up to hear the word of God, thereby symbolising the importance of preaching from the bible. The font is usually near the entrance of the church and symbolises people entering the Christian faith. It is where people are baptised with water and water symbolises the washing away of original sin as well as cleansing and replenishing.Inside orthodox churches, there are often a range of icons, statues and stained glass windows all of which are symbolic. Icons are paintings (mostly of saints) and are often greeted by worshippers with a kiss on entering the building. They are used to represent the presence of saints and as a means to pray. Inside large cathedrals and churches, there are often colourful murals or frescoes and beautiful stained glass windows depicting biblical stories. For centuries the finest work of leading artists was made for churches all to offer to God the highest expression of worship (ie the artists hard labour) and to create a sense of awe and wonder. Candles symbolise God making light on the first day and smoke which goes up to heaven. The hassock symbolises respect and a humble approach to God through kneeling. Doves are symbols of peace, purity and reconciliation.Similarly, Christians use colour and music for different occasions to symbolise different things. Yellow and gold represent birth and joy and as such are associa ted with Christmas, the virgin birth of Jesus Christ. At Christmas, the star symbolises guidance which remind us of the three wise men. Black represents death and is associated with funerals. Red represents blood and at Holy Communion, bread and wine symbolise the body and blood of Christ. White is associated purity and along with lilies and is associated with weddings and Easter.Church music is also symbolic in Christianity as it is used to praise God and to express belief. Mozart, Bach, Beethoven and similar great composers wrote music for worship. Hymns have been part of Christian worship for many centuries and the words are often taken from passages of scripture. In protestant churches, choirs have an important role in giving leadership to singing. In Christianity, there are many different types of musical instruments that are used in worship form organs to brass instruments and guitars. The music used in Christian worship can be solemn and dignified or loud and lively depending upon the type of church and the occasion. The type of instrument and mood of music is often symbolic of celebration or sadness.Symbolism plays a vital part in religious expression. Christian beliefs are commonly expressed through worship in ritual form (for example baptism) and that is also a kind of symbolism. In Christianity, ICTHUS is an old symbol, it symbolises Jesus (I), Christ(C), Gold (H), Son (TH), Saviour (US). Similarly,Alpha Omega symbolises Jesus being everlasting and reminds Christians of Jesus presence at the beginning of time.

Euthanasia - Right or wrong Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Euthanasia - Right or wrong - Essay Example As keeping in mind that it is actually his own life which he wants to terminate. The other point that comes under ethics is that what should be the circumstances under which Euthanasia should be allowed. Euthanasia cannot be allowed in any normal circumstances but only when there is no other option left for the patient as well as the physician. Many people believe that the Euthanasia should no be allowed in any case. According to them there is a chance that it can be used as rivalry or might be used as a cover for murder. When see it closely there is very less difference in killing and letting someone die. Killing can be either giving a person any lethal injection and by letting someone die is to see any person who is about to die and do nothing for him or her. Euthanasia is said to be a pain relief. The doctor gives a lethal injection to the patient in order to relieve him or her from the pain and he never intended to kill him. This is known as Doctrine of Double Effect. It is sometimes known as â€Å"easy killing†. Normally people think that the only reason for asking Euthanasia is the unbearable pain and suffering but the recent research in USA and Netherlands proved that the less than a third of requests were because of severe and unbearable pain and suffering. If a person is in a condition of long illness and his or her personal life is severely damaged due to his illness and isolation. He may be having a worst relation with his or her spouse, children or friends. His may be in danger of loosing his job, in these circumstances, the only thing that attacked him is depression and fear. The fear of loosing his job, the fear of loosing his family, the fear of being deserted by his friends, fear to loose his control over his life and fear of loosing his dignity, he might imagine himself as a burden on his family and on earth, he might think of himself as a

Social economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social economy - Essay Example There are several advantages associated with focusing on women as agents of development. There is of greater significance in a woman’s education than the man’s education. The fact that most women are uneducated, as compared men, this has had a hindrance to women having exposure and understand their worth and potential. Actually, most women who are not learned do not understand their rights to have a voice to speak on their won. Women make the highest population of people in the world and using them as agents of change is a great way of improving both economic and social life. Therefore, educating women is one of the ways of developing the world and this is possible if women have access to education and health and the issue has a significant intrinsic value. Treating both genders equally is a way of reducing gender imbalances existing in most communities. With equal education, women have enhanced capacity to contribute to the economic progress. Human capital gained throu gh education improves the levels of productivity of individuals. From many researches, women have been deprived the right to learn and this issue is quite problematic because it showers the social efficiency. The economic benefits of educating boys are equal to those of educating males. However, the social benefits gained from suing women as the agents for development is higher than those of investing to educate males are. Women education has great and powerful effects on the social efficiency. The social outcomes of focusing women as development agents’ are very high as compared to those of applying men. Kudumbasree means prosperity of the family where women orient themselves in community based poverty alleviation programme by use of micro credit and self help groups implemented in Kerala by the State Government. Grameen Bank is a bank that offers services and credit meant to develop the social economic status of Bangladesh communities. The bank

Examining Emotions, Attitudes, and Job Satisfaction Case Study

Examining Emotions, Attitudes, and Job Satisfaction - Case Study Example Their effective leadership structure has been illustrated through providing employment opportunities to individuals who possess ambitious and adventurous skills. Moreover, the grocery store provides a cool atmosphere for both its employees and customers. The store hires its managers from within hence; leadership management is maximized since the managers have experience in effectively managing the store. Trader Joe’s ensures that it boosts and maintains its employees by providing them with higher pay rates compared to employees’ pay rates of the competing stores. Trader Joe is able to control successfully real estate costs through purchasing small stores and avoiding prime locations due to high competition. The store also controls products’ costs by implementing the â€Å"one in, one out† policies, which ensures that low-profit products are replaced by high selling products. The store maintains a good customer relationship by listening and acting according to the customers’ preferences. For instance, they remove a product from the shelves when customers give negative reviews concerning the product. The store also maintains a good employee-customer relationship to ensure that it holds a firm grip on its loyal and new customers. For instance, customers can be directed to employees to get their views concerning a certain product. Employees are encouraged to taste the store’s products in order to provide honest reviews concerning the products. Customers are more likely to make choices when provided with a limited number of options compared to a wider variety of option. Trader Joe’s, take advantage of this psychological behavior by controlling the stock of its products; it holds about 2000 products in its store compared to 25,000 to 45,000 products in neighboring supermarkets. The scarcity strategy benefits both the store and its customers since the store is able to make double products sales

Company Culture and Making the Investment Decisions Assignment

Company Culture and Making the Investment Decisions - Assignment Example It may also affect the performance of the organization. However cultural considerations are taken into account more in case of productive physical resources rather than financial investments. Product/Service Quality This is an essential factor to be taken into consideration while making any investment decision. The quality of the invested capital resources has a direct effect on the quality of the products or services of the organization. The least extensive investment resources would be yielding the lowest quality of products or services for the organization. The manager requires balancing between the quality and the cost for maximizing the cost-effectiveness of the investment. In a similar manner let us consider another example- purchase of the lowest quality of vehicle for the on-site workers would result in the interruptions in fluent or efficient services due to vehicle breakdowns or other related problems. If Laurentian Bakeries Inc. purchases lower quality equipment, it would result in the preparation of low quality food products. Thus the company requires finding a balance between the cost and the quality in order to increase the efficiency of the investment. ... It is very important for the manager of Laurentian Bakeries Inc. to consider the impact that the capital investment decision possess in the environment (Albrecht, 2011). Implementation of strategic plans The strategic plans for the first year of the project are identified to be the operating plan for the same. The operating plan is supported by a detailed list of capital projects which are proposed earlier and thus, becomes the basis for the capital allocation of the project. Initiatives are taken to improve the strategic plans and the benefits associated with the company (Jennings, 2006). The managers are also trained in such a way that they can give out proper instructions to their employees and thus, balance the operation efficiently (Porter, 2011). The corporate strategies are also evaluated in order to acquire the successful projects. The companies are evaluated with regard to the challenges that are being faced by them. The tangible actions have to be linked with the corporate vision so that the projects are successful and yield suitable results. The risk-minimizing factors are also evaluated in order to take the right decision for any project. The quantitative factors that are required for the evaluation of the projects of the company are as follows: 1) Net Present Value: Net present value is the difference in between the present value of the total cash inflow and the present value of the total cash outflow. It helps in determining the value of an investment project thereby facilitating the investment decisions.

Social Justice, Access to Health Care and Abortion Debate Essay

Social Justice, Access to Health Care and Abortion Debate - Essay Example Universal access to health care is crucial as this is a basic human right. The health of a society is affected by not simply the ease of visiting a doctor, but also by the social status and the existing unfairness in universal coverage. Universal coverage of a population implies that when the population seeks health care, they receive at least a package of the service at a fair cost at the delivery point. Before legalizing any aspect of health intervention such as cloning or euthanasia, universal access should be ensured. Cloning and euthanasia have paramount impact on the culture and taboos of the population; thus, any application without prior universal access to the community will violate a population’s social rights. Ethical issues may arise in this case because the two medical advancements are not fully acceptable by all cultures. According to Pan American Health Organization, the ethical issue relating to euthanasia is if it is permissible to take one’s own life o r if another person should be a partisan in taking another person’s life. Advocates of the practice argue that it is humane for a person to help another person die if it is the only recommended way of eliminating their pain and suffering. Those opposing it argue that it amounts to murder and contradicts the fundamentals of social justice. Proponents of human cloning argue that the technology is a huge progression towards human and technological evolution. Those opposing it claim that it belittles the divine value associated with humans thereby reducing them into disposable artifacts. Ensuring universal access before applying such medical interventions will address the mentioned divergent views and avert their unfair or genocidal impacts. According to Lu, the benefits of any medical intervention cannot be realized if they are not extended equally within the society (79). Access to healthcare is a requirement for social justice. Therefore, the legislation should lay equal empha sis on the universal coverage of medical services and related healthcare benefits to all. Cloning and euthanasia are forms of health care that have a central role to play in ensuring social justice as they contribute in promoting the welfare and opportunities among community members. This sustains people’s participation in all spheres of life. Lu and Hsiao also posit that the relationship between health care and opportunity suggests that the distributive justice should be ensured in all sectors of the health care system. This is in order to uphold the virtue of equality of opportunity as stipulated in the concept of social justice (82). Some of the challenges to ensuring universal coverage and access to health care are related to structural inequalities in regards to race, gender, ethnicity and caste. Achievement of universal access to health care calls for improvement in three dimensions namely; expansion of the extent of financial protection available to the population, put ting in place efficient organizational and structural mechanisms for improving financial protection and widening the range of services available at a subsidized cost. Deal with the main pros and cons on the abortion debate and spell out what the pro-life, pro- choice and more moderate positions are. Then state your own view on this to justify and defend it from likely criticisms. Is there a slippery slope effect here from allowing abortions? Will society

Company Culture and Making the Investment Decisions Assignment

Company Culture and Making the Investment Decisions - Assignment Example It may also affect the performance of the organization. However cultural considerations are taken into account more in case of productive physical resources rather than financial investments. Product/Service Quality This is an essential factor to be taken into consideration while making any investment decision. The quality of the invested capital resources has a direct effect on the quality of the products or services of the organization. The least extensive investment resources would be yielding the lowest quality of products or services for the organization. The manager requires balancing between the quality and the cost for maximizing the cost-effectiveness of the investment. In a similar manner let us consider another example- purchase of the lowest quality of vehicle for the on-site workers would result in the interruptions in fluent or efficient services due to vehicle breakdowns or other related problems. If Laurentian Bakeries Inc. purchases lower quality equipment, it would result in the preparation of low quality food products. Thus the company requires finding a balance between the cost and the quality in order to increase the efficiency of the investment. ... It is very important for the manager of Laurentian Bakeries Inc. to consider the impact that the capital investment decision possess in the environment (Albrecht, 2011). Implementation of strategic plans The strategic plans for the first year of the project are identified to be the operating plan for the same. The operating plan is supported by a detailed list of capital projects which are proposed earlier and thus, becomes the basis for the capital allocation of the project. Initiatives are taken to improve the strategic plans and the benefits associated with the company (Jennings, 2006). The managers are also trained in such a way that they can give out proper instructions to their employees and thus, balance the operation efficiently (Porter, 2011). The corporate strategies are also evaluated in order to acquire the successful projects. The companies are evaluated with regard to the challenges that are being faced by them. The tangible actions have to be linked with the corporate vision so that the projects are successful and yield suitable results. The risk-minimizing factors are also evaluated in order to take the right decision for any project. The quantitative factors that are required for the evaluation of the projects of the company are as follows: 1) Net Present Value: Net present value is the difference in between the present value of the total cash inflow and the present value of the total cash outflow. It helps in determining the value of an investment project thereby facilitating the investment decisions.

Discuss the legacy of Puritan thought in the work of Cotton Mather Essay

Discuss the legacy of Puritan thought in the work of Cotton Mather - Essay Example Still, he also used the technique of the constant application of religious and biblical ideology to the contemporary world. Mather serves as an icon for conservative, unapologetic Puritanism for social and political change. Mather was an outspoken Puritan thinker and an definitive conservative, lining as a clergyman, writer and sociologist in the sixteen and seventeen hundreds. He called for a return to the Puritanical ways of his grandfather and great grandfather if the new world (America) was to be saved and to thrive. Cotton Mather’s views are openly expressed in such works as Pillars of Salt and The Wonders of the Invisible World. Mather wrote personally and definitely not in an unbiased way, drawing on Biblical and figurative language to speak to the audiences of his time. Mather really emphasized the importance of the bible and conservative religious texts for characterizing moments in time and learning valuable lessons. For Mather, what he wrote was deeply personal. His biases can be seen in his writings and his writings are meant to unsettle, to stir the reader. Elements of this unrest lie in the fear that he invokes, and in the imagery and fiery language meant to press his cause. Cotton Mather’s pamphlet Pillars of Salt shows the self-criticality and sensational judgment of Mather’s writing and of the tenets of Puritanism. Pamphlets were a sort of true crime fiction, intended to show accounts of gruesome and sinful deaths. This example of an impious life was something Mather clung to in his own writings. Mather says to the condemned man James Morgan, â€Å"Mark what I say: You were born among the enemies of God, you were born with a soul as full of enmity against God, as a Toad is full of poison† (Mather). Humans are sinful- and the concept of original sin follows everyone, so they should live a holy life. Pillars of Salt included Mathers first sermon about

Future Trends of Human Resource Essay Example for Free

Future Trends of Human Resource Essay 1. Introduction What does the human resource information system look like in the future? It is hard to find an accurate answer for me. Every year, thousands of HRIS specialists trying to predict the future trends of HRIS and, of course, their prediction differ. However, despite of what prediction they had made, I think social media will play an important role in next few years. In this paper, I will try to discuss what social media means to human resource and discuss three major players in the fieldFacebook, LinkedIn and Twitter. 2. Social Network Site vs. HR According to the 2011 Kelly Services Global employees Index research, published by the famous human resource service organization Kelly Services, social network site is becoming the â€Å"edge tool† in the future workplace. According to the research, social network site (SNS) is changing the way of life and work. It expanded its function from only entertaining to boosting working efficiency and enhancing the success rate of job applying. The research shows that over 80% of workforce is using SNS every day, while over 60% of workforce considers it as a work booster. According to the research, a lot of employees think they can develop an instant synchronized â€Å"expert tank†, from which they can acquire relative knowledge, skill and experience, so that they will be support by experts wherever, whenever. They also regard SNS as a pipe cleaner of the networking. By using SNS, they can manage their networking just within few clicks. It is a cost efficiency and personalized way. In addition, they also use SNS to relieve work pressure. According to the research, SNS is now penetrating to the area of traditional recruiting. The advantage of it includes no limits of time and space, cost efficiency and high reliability. The research indicated that over 90% active job seekers are now using SNS at least once per week. It also indicated that job seekers who age below 25 are more willing to use SNS as a tool to find job, while who age over 35 are more possible to find a job by using it. The research suggests that company should pay attention to what SNS may change the future workplace. According to the research, the most common worries toward SNS are affecting productivity, occupying internet and threating the information security. It also report that there are a lot of companies are now start using SNS to recruit, manage market, promote public relation and guide career development by setting new policies and using latest antivirus technics. 3. Facebook Facebook is a SNS launched in February 2004, owned and operated by Facebook, Inc. By the time of October 2012, Facebook has over one billion active users, more than half of them using Facebook on a mobile device. According to the research, 23% of Facebook users check their account 5 times or more per day. By the time of May 2012, Facebook received more than 1.6 billion visits per week. There are over 1,000,000 links shared on Facebook every 20 minutes. If you regard Facebook merely as an entertaining SNS, you will be absolutely wrong. In the era of internet, Facebook is now developing different social platforms. It transforms its function from just connecting and entertaining people to job bank and social synergy. By Facebook recently launched job applying app â€Å"Jobvite†, people can find, refer, and match jobs to friends with Jobvite’s proprietary matching technology, providing better access to opportunities for job seekers and more quality hires for employers. Users can connect and apply to jobs completely within Facebook; and they can see their status in the hiring process at any time, creating a positive, transparent relationship for companies and candidates. By using another job applying app â€Å"jobandtalent†, users can discover and leverage their existing Facebook network to find job opportunities and stand out to top companies. Jobandtalent claimed that they are working with world top companies like Goldman Sachs, Deloitte and Google. The fact is that the data stored on Facebook not only including job relate area, but also including other areas, such as daily life. Employer can acquire 360-degree background information of candidates via Facebook. â€Å"It is easy to track record of candidates on Facebook. These records may imply personal interests, personality and other attributes† Said an HR specialist, â€Å"Traditional resumes are monotonous, like masks, but these records are alive and we can totally tell a difference.† It is not surprisingly true. Tell me if I wrong, if the records of a candidate show that he use the â€Å"f† word all the time, dare you or dare you not hire him? Job applicants like him will lose his opportunity from the beginning. Facebook is now challenging LinkedIn by this advantage. According to the survey conducted by Bureau of Labor Statistics, almost half of companies are now using Facebook in their recruitment process, such as Boeing and Dell. They use Facebook not only for job posting, but also for background investigation. However, research shows that there are different between social media behavior and real life behavior. It is to be studied whether it is reliable to investigate candidates via SNS. 4. LinkedIn LinkedIn is a SNS for professional people. Launched on May 5th, 2003, it is mainly used for professional networking. By the time of June 2012, LinkedIn reports more than 175,000,000 users in more than 200 countries. Monster is one of three largest job posting web site, however, its financial report showed a significant decline in business revenue. According to the market analyst, because of the blooming of LinkedIn, companies like Monster are losing market share in a large scale. Just like Facebook, LinkedIn founded upon the theory of Six Degrees of Separation. Also it was not designed for recruiting; LinkedIn became the major way to recruit in the U.S. by the time of 2006 and achieve profitability. LinkedIn is known as its high accurate matching rate. It can even â€Å"push† eligible candidates to employers by preset standard. According to the co-founder Reid Hoffman, it is more and more important for people to utilize their networking in the future. If you want to change you r job every two or three years, you have to maintain your networking to find new opportunities. SNS is the easiest way to do it. You don’t have to make call after call and desperate to find topic to cottoning up, you don’t have to visit people with gifts door after door. The only thing you have to do is just within few clicks, and you can make connection with people you want to. In his opinion, the value of LinkedIn is â€Å"concentrate in the value moment†. Also Facebook has more user base and more stickiness; it is not safe to say that LinkedIn is losing the game. The orientation of these two web-sites is different. The business scope of Facebook is wide and the â€Å"killer app† of it is social game and â€Å"Share†, while LinkedIn concentrate in professional occupations. In a way, the overlap of these two web-sites is small. People regard Facebook as â€Å"individual† and LinkedIn as â€Å"professional†. Compare to strong interaction of Facebook, LinkedIn is not that strong. However, this weak interaction as â€Å"professional community† is where it value lies. For the user of LinkedIn, log in every day and post threats is meaningless and way far from the identity of professional, it will only imply that you are not in the working status. In other word, user stickiness makes little sense for LinkedIn. In addition, compared to Facebook, LinkedIn is a real-name, high quality user concentrated SNS. In other word, the user group is rich and high-educated middle-aged professions. This user group is known as high business value. According to the statistics from Quantcast, in the United States, the proportion of user over 35 is over 70%, the proportion of user with bachelor or above education is over 75% and the proportion of user with over $100,000 incomes is over 39%, compared to Facebook with only 32%, 53% and 32% (Chart 1). Chart1 Demographic Analysis of Facebook and LinkedIn What’s more, in business related area, LinkedIn is highly recognized than Facebook. According to a research conducted by Jobvite, in job applicants who are now using or will use SNS to find jobs, more than 95% indicate that they will choose LinkedIn. Only 59% chose Facebook and 42% chose Twitter. In people who already find a job by using SNS, 89% of them used LinkedIn, 28% used Facebook. To sum up, although Facebook is now challenging LinkedIn in professional SNS area, LinkedIn is still No.1 in the field. 5. Twitter Twitter is an online social networking service and micro blogging service that enables its users to send and read text-based messages of up to 140 characters, known as tweets. Launched in July, 2006, the service rapidly gained worldwide popularity. By the time of 2012, over 500,000,000 active users generating over 340,000,000 tweets per day and handling over 1,600,000,000 search queries per day. Twitter has been described as â€Å"the SMS of the Internet† Unlike Facebook and LinkedIn, Twitter has its own characteristics. Firstly, there is a limit of characters for each tweet. You can only send up to 140 characters in one tweet. This limit made information fragmented. This kind of fragmented information eliminated the time of reading, and by this elimination user can spread their thought more accurately and more efficiency. Secondly, you don’t have to get â€Å"approval† to follow somebody. This character makes Twitter more like a broadcasting station. Users could follow the Twitter of their favorite celebrity, brand and company to acquire latest trend. Likewise, the later will use Twitter to improve public relation to the target user group. Thirdly, most of user write and read tweets by using mobile devices. That means you will get first hand news via Twitter. An interesting statistic shows that within Twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn, Twitter has second largest influence of commercial both in B2B and B2C. Facebook has the largest influence of B2C commercial while LinkedIn has the largest influence of B2B commercial (Chart 2). Chart 2 Influences in Commercial For human resource, Twitter has two major functions. The first function is to use Twitter to improve company image. More and more companies now hiring Twitter specialist to manage company Twitter. The other is to recruit. Compare to Facebook and LinkedIn, Twitter is more cost saving, speedy and simple. According to William Fisher, the founder of job searching web site TwitJobSearch, there are more than 340,000 jobs posting in Twitter per month. TwitJobSearch release two appsJob-Deck and TweetDeck. Users can sort and find job posting related tweets by using these two apps. 6. Cites http://recruiting.jobvite.com/company/press-releases/2011/jobvite-launches-social-job-app-on-facebook-to-power-referral-hiring/ http://callcenterinfo.tmcnet.com/news/2011/10/03/5822750.htm

Emerging retail formats in india

Emerging retail formats in india Retailing has been defined as business activities involved in selling goods and services to consumers for their personal, family or household use (Berman and Evans, 2001). Although retailing has been around for millennia, the 20th century witnessed a lot of change in the retail sector, especially in the developed countries. Modern formats such as department stores, discount stores, supermarkets, convenience stores, fast food outlets, speciality stores, warehouse retailers and hypermarkets have emerged. Retailing has become more organized and chain stores have been growing at the expense of independent shops. The chains are utilizing sophisticated information technology and communication to manage their operations and have grown rapidly not only within their home countries like US, UK, France, Germany and Holland but to other developed countries. Walmart Stores, the US retailer, was recognized as the largest firm in terms of sales in 2002 in Fortune magazines list of 500 largest globa l firms. Modern retail formats have also spread beyond developed countries and are becoming more important in the NICs and developing countries. 3 The emergence of new formats and the evolution of modern retail in India has attracted attention in recent years. The business press in India has carried several articles and news items in the last three years about the modern formats (Shukla 2001; Anand Rajshekhar, 2001; Bhattacharjee, 2001). The consulting firm KSA Technopak has organized retail meetings or summits in major metros which have witnessed participation from major domestic and international retailers, and also from manufacturers. Venugopal (2001), has discussed the census studies of retail outlets that the market research firm ORG MARG conducted in the 1990s. This census provided data and estimates on a number of parameters relating to Indian retail such as number and type of outlets and growth of outlets over time separately for urban and rural areas. Due to these reports and activities, there is good deal of information available about what is happening in Indian retail. However Indian retailing has received sparse a ttention by way of academic research with the exception of a few articles in academic journals and some case studies. Purpose of the study. The purpose of this report is to develop an understanding of the factors influencing the evolution of modern formats in Indian retailing Objective of the study The report investigates modern retail developments and growth of modern formats in this country. The challenges and opportunities available to the retailers to succeed in this country. Literature review: Indian retailing is undergoing a process of evolution and is poised to undergo dramatic transformation. The retail sector employs over 8% of the national workforce but is characterized by a high degree of fragmentation with over 5 million outlets, 96% of whom are very small with an area of less than 50 m2 (Aggarwal, 2000). The retail universe more than doubled between 1978 and 1996 and the number of outlets per 1000 people at an All India level, increased from 3.7 in 1978 to 5.6 in 1996. For the urban sector alone, the shop density increased from 4 per 1000 people in 1978 to 7.6 per 1000 people in 1996 (Venugopal, 2001). Because of their small size, Indian retailers have very little bargaining power with manufacturers and perform only a few of the flows in marketing channels unlike in the case of retailers in developed countries, ( Sarma , 2000). The corner grocer or the kirana store is a key element in the retail in India due to the housewifes unwillingness to go long distances for purchasing daily needs. An empirical study was carried out by Sinha et al ( 2002) to identify factors that influenced consumers choice of a store. Although convenience and merchandise were the two most important reasons for choosing a store, the choice criteria varied across product categories. Convenience was indicated by consumers as the most important reason in the choice of groceries and fruit outlets, chemists and lifestyle items while merchandise was indicated as the most important in durables, books and apparel. The traditional formats like hawkers, grocers and paan shops co exist with modern formats like supermarkets, and non store retailing channels such as multi level marketing and teleshopping. Example of modern formats include department stores like Akbarallys , supermarkets like Food World, franchise stores like Van Heusen and Lee, discount stores like Subhiksha, shop-in-shops, factory outlets and service retailers ( Nathan , 2001). Modern stores tend to be larger, carry more stock keeping units have a self service format and an experiential ambience. Modern formats also tend to have higher levels of sales per unit of space, stock turnover and gross margin but lower levels of net margin as compared to traditional formats (Radhakrishnan, 2003). Modernisation in retail formats is likely to happen quicker in categories like Dry groceries, electronics, Mens apparel, Books, Music. Some reshaping and adaptation my also happen in Fresh groceries, Womens apparel, fast food, and personal care p roducts (Fernandes et al, 2000). In recent years, there has been a slow spread of retail chains in some formats like supermarkets, department stores, malls and discount stores. Factors facilitating the spread of chains are the availability of quality products at lower prices, improved shopping standards, convenient shopping and display, and blending of shopping withentertainment, and the entry of industrial houses like Goenkas, Rahejas, Piramals and Tatas into retailing ( Ramaswamy and Namakumari, 2002). However formats are not easily scalable across the country. Several companies have found that it is not easy to expand beyond some regions and cities as evident from the examples of Margin Free Market and Foodworld, which are active only in a few states or cities. Affordable real estate prices and availability of sufficient number of economically well off households in the catchment area are critical requirements that will determine new store viability and thus the possibility of further expansion (Anand and Rajashekhar, 2001). According to Rao (2001), foreign direct investment in the retail sector in India, although not yet permitted by government, is desirable, as it would improve productivity and increase competitiveness. New stores will introduce efficiency. Customers also gain as prices in the new stores tend to be lower. The consequences of modernization in India may be somewhat different due to lower purchasing power and the new stores may cater to only to branded products aimed at upper income segments. However it will be wise for old style stores to join together into wholesale and retail groups to improve bargaining power as experience in developed markets such as UK has shown that the modernization in retail has led to the decline of independent mom and pop stores. The need for a fresh perspective while developing theories to explain the new developments has been stressed by Bennett et al (1998). The Indian retail environment is witnessing several changes on the demand side due to increased per capita income, changing lifestyle and increased product availability. Experience of retailing in US shows that existing theories of retail development based on changing consumer needs, are inadequate to explain new developments. In developed markets, there has been a power shift with power moving from manufacturers towards retailers. The strategies used by retailers to wrest power include the development of retailers own brands, and the introduction of slotting allowances which necessitate payments by manufacturers to retailers for providing shelf space for new products. Retailers have also used technology effectively to obtain usable information about consumer buying patterns. The increased power of retailers has led to the introduction of new tactics b y manufacturers such as everyday low pricing, partnerships with retailers and increased use of direct marketing methods. Because of these issues, a supply side perspective needs to be fused with the demand side in developing theories for explaining modernization in retail. Research design: In order to fulfill the objectives of the study primary as well as secondary data have been collected to analyze the trends in modern retail formats meticulously. To analyze the emerging trends in shoppers behavior 30 shop keepers from 6 Malls operating in Ahmedabad will be interviewed. And for the rest part of the country secondary data published by different research institutions like TSMG, CSSO, Future Group, NCAER etc have been considered to draw the key inferences.

Essay --

The Solutions to Note-Taking Problems for Students By: Timothy Cooks 12/3/2013 Learning Challenge/Solution Project Dr. Samuelson Note taking is a process that involves the writing down of information that has been received from another source such as a professor or boss. Note taking provides the user with reference material to use for future use. Note taking is one of the most important and useful study skills to have while in college. Students must expect to take a lot of notes in college. Professors will expect their students to take notes during lectures in order to go back and review at home alone or with other classmates. Note taking is a skill, so in order to make this skill efficient, we must develop multiple techniques in order to make note taking more profitable. Chapter 6 in our textbooks gives us plenty of techniques of note taking to improve our note taking skills. But before that lets point out that note taking has two basic functions that note taking serves. Note taking serves as a way to help you store or encode the material and a way to keep the information in written form until you need it for later reference (Pintrich & VanderStoep, 137). Chapter 6 serves as a good guide in presenting students with strategies for effective note taking. The chapter focus is on strategies instead of style in order to help us think about the process of note taking while we are in class. Before we begin note taking we should ask ourselves these questions: What should I pay attention to? What should I write down? How should I organize my notes? We are now at the beginning stages of improving the process of taking notes (Pintrich & VanderStoep, 137). This will help being organized while taking notes. Remember that good note ... ...es. In result, my quiz and exam scores dramatically increased. When I enter anatomy I used the more the same method but I needed to incorporate more techniques such as comparing notes with other students in my class because we had less instruction from the professor. Exchanging notes with other students helped me not fall behind or miss out on important information. In my current semester, I have learned more techniques and methods to include with what I already know. The results are fulfilling allowing me to potentially have straight A’s. I learned that it’s beneficial for every student to become a stronger note taker because it’s necessary for successful studying and researching. I recommend anyone who read this to become proficient in note taking for one main reason which is, to remember important information such as dates, times, key points or facts.

The Partridge Family :: essays research papers

If you were alive 30 years ago you probably can recall those Friday nights when you were sitting in front of the television set during prime time watching a widowed mother and her five children who charmed America and broke a generation gap with their groovy, bubble gum sounding tunes. You probably would also know that "The Partridge Family," with its something for everyone cast and groovy tunes, took over America as an instant success in the fall of 1970.The Partridge Family was the 70s successor to the Monkees who were a mid 60s hit. Both the Monkees and the Partridge Family were fictional rock/pop bands produced by a television branch of Columbia Pictures called Screen Gems, but unlike the Monkees, the Partridge Family strictly was about wholesome and traditional family values. (UBL.com)The famous cast included screen and stage veteran Shirley Jones who played the mother, Shirley Partridge. Shirley Jones had been in numerous plays and movies including Rodgers and Hammerstien’s "Oklahoma!", "The Music Man", "The Big Slide", and the 1960 film version of Elmer Gantry which won her an Academy Award for her role as a prostitute. In 1956, Shirley Jones married actor Jack Cassidy who was the father of her future co-star David Cassidy. Born April 12, 1950 in New York City, David Cassidy grew up in the show business atmosphere with both his father and mother being avid performers. After he graduated from Rexford, a private school in Beverly Hills, he worked with the Los Angeles Theater Group and was featured in the Los Angeles theater production of "And so to Bed" (members.tripod.com). After that he moved to New York and back to Los Angeles while starring in several plays and TV shows including "Mod Squad" and "Bonanza", but David Cassidy didn’t get his big break until he returned to his first love, music, when he was cast as Keith Partridge. Other cast members who played Partridge siblings included Susan Dey, a popular New York fashion model who played Laurie Partridge, and the red headed and freckled Danny Bonaduce who played Danny Partridge and to many people’s surprise actually came from an 100 percent Italian background (The Partridge Family Deluxe Souvenir Album). The youngest partridges as you may know were Chris and Tracy. Chris was first played by Jeremy Gelbwaks during the first season, but his parents soon became uncomfortable about his acting with the mania that surrounded the show and took their son out of the cast.

Deception Point Page 18

â€Å"My God,† she whispered. What is this place? 20 The CNN production facility outside of Washington, D.C., is one of 212 studios worldwide that link via satellite to the global headquarters of Turner Broadcasting System in Atlanta. It was 1:45 P.M. when Senator Sedgewick Sexton's limousine pulled into the parking lot. Sexton was feeling smug as he got out and strode toward the entrance. He and Gabrielle were greeted inside by a pot-bellied CNN producer who wore an effusive smile. â€Å"Senator Sexton,† the producer said. â€Å"Welcome. Great news. We just found out who the White House sent as a sparring partner for you.† The producer gave a foreboding grin. â€Å"I hope you brought your game face.† He motioned through the production glass out into the studio. Sexton looked through the glass and almost fell over. Staring back at him, through the smoky haze of her cigarette, was the ugliest face in politics. â€Å"Marjorie Tench?† Gabrielle blurted. â€Å"What the hell is she doing here?† Sexton had no idea, but whatever the reason, her presence here was fantastic news-a clear sign that the President was in desperation mode. Why else would he send his senior adviser to the front lines? President Zach Herney was rolling out the big guns, and Sexton welcomed the opportunity. The bigger the foe, the harder they fall. The senator had no doubt that Tench would be a sly opponent, but gazing now at the woman, Sexton could not help but think that the President had made a serious error in judgment. Marjorie Tench was hideous looking. At the moment, she sat slouched in her chair, smoking a cigarette, her right arm moving in languid rhythm back and forth to her thin lips like a giant praying mantis feeding. Jesus, Sexton thought, if there was ever a face that should stick to radio. The few times Sedgewick Sexton had seen the White House senior adviser's jaundiced mug in a magazine, he could not believe he was looking at one of the most powerful faces in Washington. â€Å"I don't like this,† Gabrielle whispered. Sexton barely heard her. The more he considered the opportunity, the more he liked it. Even more fortuitous than Tench's media-unfriendly face was Tench's reputation on one key issue: Marjorie Tench was extremely vocal that America's leadership role in the future could only be secured through technological superiority. She was an avid supporter of high-tech government R D programs, and, most important-NASA. Many believed it was Tench's behind-the-scenes pressure that kept the President positioned so staunchly behind the failing space agency. Sexton wondered if perhaps the President was now punishing Tench for all the bad advice about supporting NASA. Is he throwing his senior adviser to the wolves? Gabrielle Ashe gazed through the glass at Marjorie Tench and felt a growing uneasiness. This woman was smart as hell and she was an unexpected twist. Those two facts had her instincts tingling. Considering the woman's stance on NASA, the President sending her to face-off against Senator Sexton seemed ill-advised. But the President was certainly no fool. Something told Gabrielle this interview was bad news. Gabrielle already sensed the senator salivating over his odds, which did little to curb her concern. Sexton had a habit of going overboard when he got cocky. The NASA issue had been a welcome boost in the polls, but Sexton had been pushing very hard lately, she thought. Plenty of campaigns had been lost by candidates who went for the knockout when all they needed was to finish the round. The producer looked eager for the impending blood match. â€Å"Let's get you set up, senator.† As Sexton headed for the studio, Gabrielle caught his sleeve. â€Å"I know what you're thinking,† she whispered. â€Å"But just be smart. Don't go overboard.† â€Å"Overboard? Me?† Sexton grinned. â€Å"Remember this woman is very good at what she does.† Sexton gave her a suggestive smirk. â€Å"So am I.† 21 The cavernous main chamber of NASA's habisphere would have been a strange sight anywhere on earth, but the fact that it existed on an Arctic ice shelf made it that much more difficult for Rachel Sexton to assimilate. Staring upward into a futuristic dome crafted of white interlocking triangular pads, Rachel felt like she had entered a colossal sanatorium. The walls sloped downward to a floor of solid ice, where an army of halogen lamps stood like sentinels around the perimeter, casting stark light skyward and giving the whole chamber an ephemeral luminosity. Snaking across the ice floor, black foam carpetrunners wound like boardwalks through a maze of portable scientific work stations. Amid the electronics, thirty or forty white-clad NASA personnel were hard at work, conferring happily and talking in excited tones. Rachel immediately recognized the electricity in the room. It was the thrill of new discovery. As Rachel and the administrator circled the outer edge of the dome, she noted the surprised looks of displeasure from those who recognized her. Their whispers carried clearly in the reverberant space. Isn't that Senator Sexton's daughter? What the hell is SHE doing here? I can't believe the administrator is even speaking to her! Rachel half expected to see voodoo dolls of her father dangling everywhere. The animosity around her, though, was not the only emotion in the air; Rachel also sensed a distinct smugness-as if NASA clearly knew who would be having the last laugh. The administrator led Rachel toward a series of tables where a lone man sat at a computer work station. He was dressed in a black turtleneck, wide-wale corduroys, and heavy boat shoes, rather than the matching NASA weather gear everyone else seemed to be wearing. He had his back to them. The administrator asked Rachel to wait as he went over and spoke to the stranger. After a moment, the man in the turtleneck gave him a congenial nod and started shutting down his computer. The administrator returned. â€Å"Mr. Tolland will take it from here,† he said. â€Å"He's another one of the President's recruits, so you two should get along fine. I'll join you later.† â€Å"Thank you.† â€Å"I assume you've heard of Michael Tolland?† Rachel shrugged, her brain still taking in the incredible surroundings. â€Å"Name doesn't ring a bell.† The man in the turtleneck arrived, grinning. â€Å"Doesn't ring a bell?† His voice was resonant and friendly. â€Å"Best news I've heard all day. Seems I never get a chance to make a first impression anymore.† When Rachel glanced up at the newcomer, her feet froze in place. She knew the man's handsome face in an instant. Everyone in America did. â€Å"Oh,† she said, blushing as the man shook her hand. â€Å"You're that Michael Tolland.† When the President had told Rachel he had recruited top-notch civilian scientists to authenticate NASA's discovery, Rachel had imagined a group of wizened nerds with monogrammed calculators. Michael Tolland was the antithesis. One of the best known â€Å"science celebrities† in America today, Tolland hosted a weekly documentary called Amazing Seas, during which he brought viewers face-to-face with spellbinding oceanic phenomena-underwater volcanoes, ten-foot sea worms, killer tidal waves. The media hailed Tolland as a cross between Jacques Cousteau and Carl Sagan, crediting his knowledge, unpretentious enthusiasm, and lust for adventure as the formula that had rocketed Amazing Seas to the top of the ratings. Of course, most critics admitted, Tolland's rugged good looks and self-effacing charisma probably didn't hurt his popularity with the female audience. â€Å"Mr. Tolland†¦,† Rachel said, fumbling the words a bit. â€Å"I'm Rachel Sexton.† Tolland smiled a pleasant, crooked smile. â€Å"Hi, Rachel. Call me Mike.†

Untrustworthy President Example Essay

Matthew Hart 09/18/12 An Untrustworthy President â€Å"The true test of the American ideal is whether we’re able to recognize our failings and then rise together to meet the challenges of our time. Whether we allow ourselves to be shaped by events and history, or whether we act to shape them. †- Our current president. The U. S. president has been untrustworthy on more than one occasion. Our president is unreliable when it comes to foreign and domestic issues, as well as being all around untrustworthy. Our president is untrustworthy to us, U. S. citizens.Our borders are overflowing with illegal immigrants who have no intensions of legalizing or paying taxes but are willing to take our jobs and take our money back to their country where it does not belong. Our president has been persecuting Arizona for enforcing illegal immigration laws when his administration will not do the job. At the White House, the president held a joint press conference with Mexico’s preside nt that featured both of them criticizing Arizona's immigration law. I only wish there were someone there to represent America that day.That is a matter of national security where we cannot trust our president to protect us. We depend on our president to provide us with jobs when the job market is suffering and this president is providing us with a slow increase in jobs when we need a quick and large increase, again our president expresses untrustworthiness in the face of a crisis. The very first thing our president did after he was elected was push through the largest and most wasteful spending bill in human history. The cost of the bill was attested to be 800 billion to 1. trillion dollars. The purpose of the bill was to create jobs and the government claimed the bill would keep unemployment below 8%. We've now had 38 straight months of above 8% unemployment, the longest streak since the Great Depression. Keeping our country and government operating smoothly is another area where uncertainty surrounds our president’s capabilities. That is an example of our tax money being insecure in the hands of our president. We pay more money a year than anyone can fathom and it is squandered in this country and around the world n ways that do not help solve our problems we face here at home or around the world. As all presidents are, this president has been unreliable from the beginning, when he ran for office. Every president to be must tweak the truth of where they stand on certain topics of interest, creating a false sense of security which later makes us insecure as a country. Despite the fact that our government assured us that there was â€Å"no risk† America would lose its AAA credit rating, America did indeed lose its rating for the first time since 1917 because of our president’s refusal to cut spending.Election Day for our president, with his soon to be half fulfilled promises to better this country and the world, is a memorable example of our president acting untrustworthy. Never before in the history of our country has one party pushed through a massive entitlement program that was wildly unpopular with the American people, the Affordable Health Care Act. This year’s convention where the president makes unreliable statements about what he has or has not accomplished is another example.The recent speeches on foreign policy and national security provide extensional evidence of how trustless our president is to us. Putting a man on the moon is one of America's greatest accomplishments and our Space Shuttle program was ended, under our current president. When a U. S. president wants to be reelected to office, he must rethink his first set of unfulfilled promises and decide which to change and which to keep. Foreign policy is a major area where he has become untrustworthy with.Foreign leaders of allied nations around the world cannot trust our president when they need his help. American’s think of our presi dent as being untrustworthy when it comes to the current crisis in the middle-east. The President has wasted a ton of time, energy and money on things like nationalizing our health care system which doesn't really rise to the level of being a true national emergency. Meantime, he has spent almost no time dealing with real national emergencies, such as the emergence of a nuclear Iran. They feel as though he is not acting in the best interest of our country.Look at our president, when faced with multiple countries in the middle-east burning our flag, he does not take action in the best interest of the citizens of the United States. As the president of the United States of America it is his duty to act in best interest of this country’s citizens and there is no evidence where he has asked us what we would want him to do about this crisis. But he took action in the best interest of those countries citizens and that is untrustworthy from an American citizen’s point of view. The U. S. resident shows us just how unreliable he is at protecting our good country’s name around the world when he does nothing after four Americans are murdered, an American embassy is set on fire, and an American school is burned to the ground in a foreign country. Our president is unreliable when it comes to foreign and domestic issues as well as being all around untrustworthy. As all presidents are, this president has been unreliable from the beginning, when he ran for office. Foreign policy is a major area where he has become untrustworthy with. Foreign policy is a major area where he has become untrustworthy with.

Analysis of a publicly-traded company Research Paper

Analysis of a publicly-traded company - Research Paper Example The company is a publicly traded company trading in the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol SBUX. The common stocks of Starbucks Cafe were trading at a price of $52.96 as of December 10, 2012 (Yahoo, 2012). The market capitalization of Starbucks Cafe is $39.38 billion. The firm uses a holistic approach towards the sourcing of its coffee. Starbucks Cafe sources its coffee through fair trade coffee. Fair trade coffee guarantees the farmers a price of at least $1.26 per pound. Other benefits that farmers receive in a fair trade coffee arrangement are technology transfer and financing of crops. Customers are more likely to support companies that source coffee using fair trade coffee practices due to the green movement and the tendency of customers of buying from companies that act in a socially responsible manner. The market share of Starbucks in the U.S is 33% of the coffee market (O’Farrell, 2012). During the recession the business of Starbucks declined because the demand f or gourmet coffee is price sensitive. Buying coffee from Starbucks Cafe is considered a luxury by a lot of American buyers. During harsh economic times people tend to be more price conscious. The store has 192,866 employees and 39.66% of its workforce works outside the United States (Cnn, 2012). The employees of the firm are referred too as baristas. The firm believes in the value of diversity in the workplace. Diversity is valued by the managerial staff of the company. The equation that defines diversity at Starbucks Cafe is: Diversity = Inclusion + Equity + Accessibility (Starbucks, 2012). The use of diversity can enhance the creativity of the employees and foster an environment in which innovation is a critical component of the success of the enterprise. The customer service of the company has helped the firm differentiate itself from the competition. Starbucks Cafe offers free services to its customers including Wi-Fi internet accessibility. The firm generates an alternate reven ue stream through the sale of iTunes. The firm believes a lot in the value of corporate social responsibility (CSR). The CRS program of the firm is comprehensive due to the genuine effort the firm places in helping the community and other stakeholder groups. Starbucks Cafe was named one of the world’s most ethical companies in 2012 for the six year in a row. The firm certifies 75% of all new stores under the LEEDÂ ® green building standard. The firm minimizes the use of water and energy at its stores to save resources and protect the environment. About half of the firm’s company owned store are powered by renewable energy. The communities in which Starbucks operates are an important stakeholder group for the organization. The firm donated 441,000 community service hours during 2011 (Starbucks, 2012). During fiscal year 2011 Starbucks Cafe generated sales of $11,700 million. The sales of the company increase by 9.27%. The net income of the firm in 2011 was $1,246 milli on. In the last two years the company’s net income increased by 219%. A firm’s net margin measures the absolute profitability of the company. The desirable outcome is to have a high net margin. During 2011 the net margin of Starbucks Cafe was 10.65%. The net margin of the company is much higher than the industry average of 3.8% (Dnb, 2012). The earnings per share and cash dividend per share of the company were $1.66 and $0.56 respectively. The liquidity of the firm is an important aspect of the business that managers must consider. A

Great Depression and The New Deal Research Paper

Great Depression and The New Deal - Research Paper Example Later in 1935 the Social Security Act came into power, aiming to provide the disabled, old-age or surviving citizens with social insurance. The New Deal, though rather slowly, appeared to be working. As Robert Murphy writes, â€Å"Although still abysmal, the unemployment numbers finally began receding almost the moment Roosevelt took office. Other indicators of economic health, such as Gross National Product, also reversed their staggering decline.† (Murphy 12). It seemed, availability of public funds freed many people from starvation and despair. In one of the accounts of the Senate Committee on Manufacturers (1932), the Committee’s member exemplifies horrors of the Great Depression through recalling a woman who â€Å"borrowed 50 cents from a friend and bought stale bread for 3 and a half cents per loaf, and that is all they had for eleven days except for one or two meals†. His other examples include people picking up food that accidentally fell from the goods t rain, people starving for two days and finally feeding themselves with dandelions (Senate Committee on Manufacturers). The photo taken during the time of Great Depression illustrates how undernourished and emaciated people were in their efforts to earn at least a dollar or two (See Picture 1). But as soon as 1938 a new disaster struck. As there appeared to be a 3 per cent collapse within the economic output, the unemployment rate also soared to the yearly figure of 19 per cent. This came to be known as â€Å"depression within the Depression† (Murphy 13). Roosevelt’s New Deal turned out to be incapable of producing the expected full recovery. This view has been supported by professors Cole and Ohanian, the...The booming prosperity of the American economy in the 1920s suddenly collapsed due to unexpected stock market crash in 1929. For the decade that followed, the country found itself stuck in an unprecedented economic depression.Statistically, the unemployment rate in the United States soared as high as to 25 per cent (to compare: in 1929 it was just 3.2 per cent). Industrial figures were no better. For example, overall production within industries declined by a half with international trade decreasing by 30 per cent. Roosevelt that took the office in 1933, just at the peak of Great Depression, proposed the Americans â€Å"The New Deal†. It was a policy that aimed at ending Depression through extensive government intrusion. It suggested new legislation that increased the role of government in the life of the American society. The New Deal, though rather slowly, appeared to be working. As Robert Murphy writes, â€Å"Although still abysmal, the unemployment numbers finally began receding almost the moment Roosevelt took office. Other indicators of economic health, such as Gross National Product, also reversed their staggering decline.† . Interestingly, despite the fact that many modern historians are inclined to depict Roosevelt as a saver, and his New Deal policy as a successful recovery act, his close colleague and advisor Henry Morgenthau was known to think the opposite.

Sports Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sports Tourism - Essay Example Sport tourism can be classified in to three main categories. The first category is nostalgia sport tourism. In this category, people visit museums and halls of fame to view documented articles, trophies, and monuments of great sporting achievements. The second category is active sport tourism. This category includes activity holidays and active events. The third category is event sport tourism. This includes the active and passive participation in sporting events (Gibson, 1998). Gibson (1998, p. 49) further conceptualizes sport tourism to be in three distinct areas: traveling to take part in a sporting event; traveling to watch a sport; or travelling to celebrate, worship, or venerate a sport. More recent definitions of sport tourism suggest that it is more than a two -dimensional synergetic phenomenon. In a more intricate definition, sport tourism is a social, economic and cultural phenomenon that arises from the unique interaction of activity, people, and place (Weed and Bull, 2004 , p. 37). Weymouth and Portland as Sport Tourism Destinations Weymouth and Portland are located on the south coast of England. This area provides some of the best sailing waters in the UK. In addition, the area has facilities on land to complement the sailing activities that take place. Before the 2012 Olympic Games, the area already had world class facilities, but some enhancements were necessary to ensure that the facilities were suitable enough to host the sailing competition during the main Olympics and the Paralympics (London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games, 2012). Considering that sailing is both a competitive and leisure sporting event, there were several types of sport tourists expected to be in the area during the Olympic period. Gibson conceptualizes sport tourism to be in three distinct areas: travelling to take part; travelling to watch; or travelling to celebrate, worship or venerate a sport. From his conceptualization, the types of tourists that can and were attracte d to visit Weymouth and Portland during the Olympics can be derived. The first type of tourists that were attracted in the area are the participants (Gibson, 1998, p. 49). The Olympics bring together athletes and sportsmen from all over the world. Therefore, any sportsman that participated in the sailing competition in both the main Olympics and the Paralympics were tourists. Though their main agenda was to participate in the competition, the fact that they were foreigners makes them tourists by default. Also, the sailing competition was not taking place every single day during the games. The athletes, therefore, had some time to spare in between the races. During this spare time, they toured the area to get to explore its aesthetics and to appreciate the advancements that had been made in the area specifically for the sport. The second area of sport tourism is travelling to watch the sport (Gibson, 1998, p. 49). This was undoubtedly the area that produced the largest number of spor t tourists. People from around the world had travelled to London to specifically watch the games that were taking place there. Most of the tourists in Weymouth and Portland during this period had come as spectators to the sailing competition. Considering that they were not entirely caught up in watching the games either, they had some spare time. During this time, they either went to tour the area or participated in the sailing sport for leisure. This is in line with Gibson’s second category of sport tourism which includes activity holidays. Therefore, the agenda for this type of tourist was twofold. Primarily, their agenda was to

Processing-structure-property relationships in (TPE-E) nanocomposites Research Proposal

Processing-structure-property relationships in (TPE-E) nanocomposites - Research Proposal Example Iwahori, Ishiwata and Ishikawa (2003) argue that an understanding of the basic physical relationship in nano scale structural variables and micro scale properties of polymer nanocomposites is very important in this study. The development of polymer nanocomposites optimally using carbon nanotube and carbon nano fibre requires full comprehension of the processing structure property relationships. Aims of the Research The aim of the research is to develop improved materials properties in TPE-E nanocomposites using the processing structure property relationships. The research will develop the following objectives which will be investigated: 1. To optimally disperse the nanofillers into the TPE-E via melt processing and reactive extrusion (Nanocomposite processing). 2. To develop a complete understanding of thee processing morphology properties in the nanocomposite system, most importantly the interplay between TPE-E nanophase domains and an engineered low and high aspect ratio nanofiller s (morphology and properties) 3. To comprehensively determine the mechanical and electrical performance of these nanocomposites. Literature Review According to Kotsilkova (2005) and Dobrzai (2002), an overview of the synthesis and characterization methods of nanocomposite is important in clay layer orientation and its dispersion in various nanocomposites. Many previous researches have tried to relate the clay orientation to the enhancement of materials properties from a qualitative viewpoint. Quantitative studies are may be limited because of lack of techniques to quantitatively determine the three dimensional orientation of structures in nanocomposites. In one of the recent developed techniques of determining the three dimensional orientation, the effect of compatibilizer concentration upon the orientation and dispersion of structures in polyethylene nanocomposite films was found to be thickness. An increase in concentration showed a corresponding decrease in orientation of clay la yer along the thickness of the film (Bevis 1999; Suprakas, Kazuaki & Masami 2003; Liu, Hoa & Pugh 2004). Other researchers have explored ways of using commercially available products to create new materials by synthesising TPE-E to register a wide range of property improvements. The TPE-E synthesis may comprise melt compounding and reactive extrusion using organic clays as nanofillers. Hybrid composition morphology within nanocomposites, when treated in various processes, demonstrates the maximum range of properties of materials. The various methods of attaining a wide range of property enhancements are the organo clay nanofiller surface modification, additional processing parameter and the TPE-E hard and soft segment composition ratio together with the organ clay filler aspect. These material properties are governed by the manipulation of these variables and assessing the sizes of intercalate molecules (Laird & Fleming 1999; Mani et al. 2005). Colbert and Smalley (2002) argue that many other studies have focused on the microstructure processing and property relationships, which have helped in knowledge development and comprehensive understanding of these processes to develop more innovative products both for personal and commercial purposes. Hytrel products